scholarly works
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Item Changes in some physicochemical properties of Cassia seiberiana seeds during roasting(Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2012) Olapade, A. A.; Akinoso, R.; Oduwaye, A. O."One of the uses of Cassia sieberiana seeds is roasting for beverage. Therefore, the thrust of this work was to study changes in some physicochemical properties of Cassia sieberiana seeds during roasting. A 3 x 3 factorial experimental design was employed. Roasting temperatures were 190, 210 and 230°C while roasting times were 10, 20 and 30 min respectively. Nine experimental combinations were produced. Proximate composition of unroasted sample, pH, total soluble solid, total titratable acidity, acetic acid, weight loss, caffeine content, swelling and colour of both unroasted and roasted samples were determined using standard methods. Proximate composition of unroasted Cassia sieberiana in percentage as determined were moisture content (9.04 ± 0.04), ash (9.3 ± 0.03), crude fibre(16.21 ± 0.09); crude protein(19.88 ± 0.03), fat (5.31 ± 0.05) and carbohydrate (40.26 ± 0.33). The pH, total soluble solid, total titratable acidity, acetic acid, caffeine content and colour of unroasted Cassiasieberiana seed-were 6.25 ±0.7, 3.0 ± 0.13 (oO), 0.57 ± 0.06 (mg/g), 0.12 ± 0.00 (%), 11.6 ± 1.05 (%) and 0.43 abs respectively. Effect of roasting was significant (p < 0.05) on moisture content, weight loss, caffeine content, swelling and colour, while a non-significant (p > 0.05) effect was recorded on pH, total soluble solid, total titratable acidity and acetic acid."Item Evaluation of extruded snacks from blends of acha(Digitaria exilis) and cowpea(Vigna unguiculata) flours(CIGR, 2012-09) Olapade, A. A.; Aworh, O. C."The production of acha and cowpea are the complementary food and are produced in large quantities in Nigeria, which are the major sources of protein and carbohydrate respectively. The study was proposed on developed high protein-energy complementary foods from the blends of cowpea and acha using extrusion cooking. Cultivars of cowpea (IT90K-277-2) and acha (cream colour) were selected and milled into flours. Using the response surface methodology, the blends of acha and cowpea flours at 70:30 and 60:40 respectively were extruded using a single screw extruder at barrel temperature of 120-160•C and feed moisture content of 18-25% (d.b). The proximate composition and trypsin inhibition activity of the extrudates and blends were determined, while compressive forces were determined using testometric analysis.The protein content increased from 7.98% for acha flour to 16.03% and 18.73% for blends containing 30.0% and 40.0% cowpea respectively. Trypsin inhibition activity of the blends decreased by 76.0% to 92.1% as a result of the increasing extrusion temperature and feed moisture content. Compression forces at the peak, break and yield of extrudates' ranged from 148.3 to 886.4 N, 140.2 to 882.5 N and 96.3 to 226.4 N respectively. Extrusion cooking parameters (barrel temperature, feed moisture content and feed composition) significantly affected the quality of the cowpea-acha blends."Item Quality attributes of biscuit from Acha (digitaria exilis) flour supplemented with cowpea(vigna unguiculata) flour(International Research Journals, 2011) Olapade, A. A.; Aworh, O. C.; Oluwole, O. B.Biscuits were produced from blends of acha and cowpea flours. The blends were 100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% acha with cowpea flour to make 100% in each. Proximate composition, trypsin inhibition activity, functional properties including water absorption index, fat absorption index, gelation capacity, bulk density and emulsifying capacity of the blends were determined. Biscuits were produced from the blends. Trypsin inhibition activity, physical properties of the biscuit including break strength, spread ratio, comparative colour analysis and sensory properties of the biscuits were investigated. The results indicated that both protein and trypsin inhibition activity of the blends increased with increase in the amount of cowpea flour substitution. However, significant (p<0.05) reduction in trypsin inhibition activity was noted in the biscuits. Samples with 10% and 20% cowpea substitutions compared favourably with all wheat biscuit in all sensory attributes.Item Physico-chemical properties and consumer acceptance of instant cowpea(Vigna unguiculata) powder for complementary food(International Research Journals, 2012-05) Olapade, A. A.; Oluwole, O. B; Aworh, O. C."Two cultivars of cowpea (white and brown testa coloured) were processed by pre-cooking for 10min and dry-toasting (170°C, 10min) to render them ready-to-eat and to inactivate the anti-nutritional factors. The samples were dry-milled into powders. Ogi, traditional gruel from maize, was produced into powder. Five different blends of ogi and cowpea powder were prepared. Proximate chemical composition including Trypsin inhibition activity of the various blends was investigated. Also functional characteristics of the samples including bulk density, gelation capacity and water absorption capacity and water absorption capacity were investigated. Ogi supplemented with cowpea powder and 100% ogi were prepared into porridges which were presented for sensory evaluation among members of the university community. Each sample was evaluated for colour, taste, mouth-feel, flavour and overall acceptance. Moisture content values of the processed cowpeas ranged from 6.05 to 7.22% for boiled white cowpea and boiled brown cowpea respectively. Protein content ranged between 22.8% in the boiled white cowpea and 25.4% in the raw brown cowpea. There were 88.6-93.3% and 77.7-88.6% reduction in Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) of both white and brown cultivars of cowpea respectively. Sensory evaluation of ogi supplemented with cowpea revealed that supplementation at level above 30% is not acceptable among the panel. Brown cultivar of cowpea was preferred to the white cultivar. "Item Rheological properties and consumer acceptance of moin-moin premix(University Press Plc(2016), 2005) Olapade, A. A.; Ozumba, A. U.; Solomon, H. M.; Olatunji, O.; Adelaja, S. O.Premix was prepared from cowpea flour, pepper powder and onion powder. Pasting characteristics of the cowpea flour as affected by adding of other ingredients were investigated. The consumer acceptability of the premix for preparation of moin-moin was also investigated. Gelatinisation temperature of bean flour was significantly (p=0.05) increased by inclusion of pepper but not by inclusion of onion powder. Viscosity of the premix was not significantly affected, expect the set back value, which was significantly lowered. Moin-moin from premix compared favourable with the control sample in all attributes except texture, which was rated lower.Item Evaluation of some physical-chemical properties of wheat, cassava, maize and cowpea flours for bread making(Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2010) Oladunmoye, O. O; Akinoso, R.; Olapade, A. A."Both the physical and chemical characteristics of flours affect their quality and the subsequent products from them. The comparative evaluation of particle size, moisture content, bulk density, color, water absorption capacity, pasting viscosity, fat and protein contents of wheat, cassava, maize and cowpea flours were determined using standard methods. Composite breads were produced from 50:30:20, 60:20:20, 70:20:10; 80:10:10, 85:10:5 and 90:5:5 ratio of wheat-cassava/maize -cowpea flours; respectively. Breads produced were subjected to sensory and proximate analyses. The particle size, moisture content, bulk density, water absorption capacity, fat and protein contents of wheat, cassava, maize and cowpea flours are as follows: 154-343 µm, 13.3-14.9% db, 327.4-497.5 kg/m3, 31.9-221.8 g/g, 1.01-2.3% and 2.6-19.39%. Wheat flour had the lowest pasting temperature of 56.1C. Significance differences at P < 0.05 were recorded between most of the properties of the flours. Composite bread of 85% wheat, 10% cassava, 5% cowpea; 90% wheat, 5% cassava, 5% cowpea; and 90% wheat, 5% maize, 5% cowpea were accepted by a sensory evaluation panelist. Substitution with cowpea fruit improved the protein content of the bread."Item Comparison of different methods of producing bambara (Vaondzeia subterranean L. Thou) flours for preparation of moin-moin(University Press Plc(2016), 2007) Olapade, A. A.; Adetuyi, D. O.Bambara nut was subjected to different treatment prior to mechanical dry dehulling and millimg into flours. Physico chenmical properties of the fleurs and sensory attributes of moin-moin prepared from the flours were compared with that of moin-moin from fresh pastes from cowpea and bambara. The functional properties investigated included foam-ability, foam-stability, gelation capacity, dispersibility and dehaull-ability while proximate chemical composition of the flours was also investigated. Both cold and hot water steeping of Bambara prior to dehaulling produced moinmoin that compared favourably with moin moin from fresh pastes (controls). Fresh paste to dehulling produced through maual dehaulling resulted in moin-moin that compared similarly to conventional moin-moin from fresh cowpea. The proximate chemical compositions were not significantly affected by the treatments but functional properties were significanlty affectedItem Physico-chemical properties of premixes for preparation of "akara"(University Press Plc(2016), 2004) Olapade, A. A.; Olatunji, O.; Adefaja, S. OPremix was formulated from cowpea flour, peper powder and onion powder by mixing the ingredients together this was then packed. Proximate chemical composition and fucntional properties (water absorption capacity, solubility index, foaming capacity and foam stability) of the cowpea flour as affected by inclusion of other ingredients were determined. Inclusion of other ingredients separately and jointly in cowpea flour had siginificant effects on functional properties but little effect on proximate chemical compositions of cowpea flour. Foaming and water absorption capacities were decreased as a result of added ingredients. Akara prepared from pre-formulated premix prior to re-hydration into paste compared favourably with the control akara from freshly prepared cowpea paste but had texture rated lower and low overall acceptabilityItem Characterization of common Nigerian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) varieties(Elsevier Sceince Ltd, 2002) Olapade, A. A.; Okafor, G. I.; Ozumba, A. U.; Olatunji, O.Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) varieties namely Olo-1, Olo-2, Baujara, Karadua, Manyan Fari, Kananado Yar and Akidi were characterized based on their physical and functional properties. Physical properties investigated include seed-weight, length to diameter ratio, specific gravity, bulk density, angle of repose and percentage of seed coat. The functional properties examined were water absorption capacity, swelling capacity, cooking time and moisture content. The result of both physical and functional properties showed significant differences (P = 0.05) among the cowpea varieties. The specific .gravity ranged from 1.05 to 1.19 with Kananado Yar, Kananado Fari and Banjara having higher values than others, while water absorption capacity ranged from 1.14 to 1.60 g H2O/g sample for Kananado Fari and Banjara varieties respectively. Apparently, the outcome of this work would provide a basis for upgrading local techniques of cowpea processing in NigeriaItem Design of a rotary roaster for cassia sieberiana seeds(The Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers, 2004) Olapade, A. A.; Akinoso, R.Two kilogram capacity roaster was designed and fabricated for purpose of roasting cassia sieberiana seeds obtained from an African plant, which is capable of being used as coffee substitute. During the testing of the roaster, physical changes on the seeds were monitored and found to be temperature and time dependent. Best samples of roasted cassia sieberiana was obtained at 200⁰C roasting temperature after 15minutes.