Scholarly Works

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/749

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Adolescent Friendly Health Services
(Rhyce Kerex, 2022) Balogun, F. M.
Atypical presentations of hypothyroidism and associated problems in Ibadan, Nigeria
(The College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2015) Balogun, F. M.; Jarrett, O. O.
Background: Hypothyroidism can present atypically making its recognition difficult especially in resource limited settings. Case presentation and management: Two children presented with atypical features of hypothyroidism with resultant delay in diagnosis. Patient I presented with persistent respiratory distress, facial swelling and recurrent syncopal attacks. Cardiovascular examination was normal except for pulmonary hypertension. He did not respond to conventional supportive therapy and hypothyroidism was discovered much later. Patient II was a seven month old male infant with abdominal swelling, bilateral pitting leg edema, poor weight gain and delayed developmental milestones. Examination revealed ascites and pericardial effusion. He was being managed for protein energy malnutrition until he was found to have hypothyroidism and was successfully managed with L thyroxin. Conclusion A typical presentations of hypothyroidism in resource limited settings can result in delay in diagnosis and treatment which can lead to unnecessary morbidity and mortality. High index of suspicion and expertise are therefore required.
Describing Sexting Pattern, Predictors, and Associated Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Post-Secondary School Young People in Ibadan, Nigeria
(SAGE Publications, 2020) Balogun, F. M.; Olatunde O. E.
Sexting refers to sending and receiving sexually explicit (or suggestive) messages or videos. It has been described in different settings and among different populations mainly with a cross-sectional study design which is an important design that provides a base upon which other study designs can be built. However, it is important to pay close attention to some required details to obtain credible data which can produce useful results in cross-sectional study designs. This case write-up recounted how sexting was described among schooling young people in Nigeria. Particular attention was paid to the design of the data collection tool, selection of study participants, ethical considerations, and confidentiality as it relates to young people. It also described the different challenges that arose in the course of data collection and how these were handled with the resultant smooth research process.
How acceptable are the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services among pregnant women in a secondary health facility in Ibadan, Nigeria?
(Association of Resident Doctors, U.C.H. Chapter, 2015) Balogun, F. M.; Owoaje, E. T.
Background: Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme was designed to reduce mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and it has been shown to be effective. However, the uptake of the services is still very low in Nigeria. Objective : This study was designed to determine how acceptable the different services of PMTCT are to pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Method : Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 500 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a secondary health facility. Questionnaires were used to obtain data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about MTCT of HIV and prevention, the awareness and attitude towards infant feeding options for HIV positive mothers. Data were analysed using student’s t test and Chi-square test with p set at 0.05. Results: Mean age of respondents was 27.4±6.1years. Most known routes of MTCT of HIV were during pregnancy (86.0%) and from breastfeeding (86.0%). More than 80% knew that having good antenatal care, appropriate supervised delivery, taking antiretroviral drugs and not breast feeding a baby are ways of PMTCT. About two thirds had a positive attitude towards HIV testing and counseling (HTC). Only 18.4% were aware of the exclusive breast feeding option for feeding infants of HIV positive mothers while 52.2% would not comply if asked not to breast feed. Women aged 35 years and above had better attitude towards non breast feeding. Conclusion : Intensified health education on the importance of HTC and promotion of exclusive breast feeding for infants of HIV positive mothers is recommended.
Nutritional profiles and selected parental factors among children with congenital heart diseases in Ibadan, Nigeria
(The Nigeria Cardiac Society, 2015) Balogun, F. M.; Omokhodion, S. I.
"Background: Among the many adverse sequelae of congenital heart disease (CHD), malnutrition stands out as one of the major concerns. Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the nutritional status, parental age, and mid‑parental heights of children with CHD and their apparently healthy control group. Material and Methods: Electrocardiography and echocardiography were used to confirm the presence or otherwise of CHD in consecutive 100 children with CHDs and 100 age, sex, and social class matched apparently healthy control group. Nutritional parameters, parental ages, and mid‑parental heights were also obtained. Associations were tested using student t test and Chi square test. Level of significance was P < 0.05. Results: There were 54 males with CHD and the age‑range of the children was 1–96 months. The commonest acyanotic CHD was ventricular septal defect (49.0%) while the commonest cyanotic CHD was Fallot’s tetralogy (10%). Children with CHD compared with the control group had significantly lower mean z scores for weight for height, height for age, and weight for age. The mid upper arm circumference, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness were also lower than that found in the control group. Older parental age and lower mid‑parental heights were found among parents of children with CHD compared with those of controls. Conclusions: Malnutrition can be quite severe in children with CHD if unattended to. Early corrective intervention is necessary to prevent short‑term and long‑term sequelae of malnutrition in these children. Parental malnutrition and older parental age are likely predisposing factors to CHD."
Spectrum of behavioural abnormalities in children with nephrotic syndrome in southwestern Nigeria
(JSciMedCentral, 2015) Balogun, F. M.; Ademola, A. D.
Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic childhood disease characterized by relapses and children with this condition tend to have behavioural problems associated with the disease. These behavioural problems are usually not anticipated in most resource limited settings and can be frightening thereby making the children and the care givers to be distressed. Seven children with nephrotic syndrome who developed various behavioural abnormalities while on admission were discussed. There were four girls and three boys with age range seven to fourteen years. The abnormal behaviours noted were visual and auditory hallucinations, inappropriate speech and behaviour, attempted suicide, attention seeking behaviour and social withdrawal. These behavioural abnormalities were related to prednisolone therapy in five of the children. Diagnosis made were psychosis and delirium while treatment given included counselling, Risperidone, Halloperidol, Diazepam and reduction or withdrawal of Prednisolone. Abnormal behaviour was not anticipated in these children so the caregivers were taken unaware. This can be worse in infants or in mild cases. Most of the behavioural abnormalities were also associated with the use of prednisolone. There is an urgent need to design guidelines for the management of behavioural abnormalities in nephrotic syndrome especially steroid therapy in resource limited settings. Harmonisation of the skills of paediatric nephrologist and child psychiatrist is also important to obtain the best outcome.
The state of adolescent immunization in Nigeria: A wake up call for all stakeholders
(The PAMJ, 2019) Balogun, F. M.
The number of children who survive to adolescence is increasing in Nigeria, significantly due to the success of child survival programs, with immunization as a major theme. However, the national immunization schedule in Nigeria is presently restricted to early childhood with no attention paid to immunization in adolescence. Presently, the vaccines that are readily available for adolescents include tetanus toxoid which is normally administered to pregnant women, so necessarily includes adolescent mothers; and a few research programs which offers hepatitis B vaccines. Also, there are few Nigerian adolescents who access immunization as a requirement for travelling outside the country or as a result of parental effort. Knowledge and awareness about adolescent immunization is generally poor. Nigerian adolescents have been shown to be poorly protected from tetanus, rubella and hepatitis B which are vaccine preventable. Neonatal, childhood and adult tetanus, congenital rubella syndrome, cervical cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma are just few of the diseases whose incidence can be reduced with an effective adolescent immunization program. This will also ensure that the gain of childhood immunization is concretized and socio-economic losses as a result of vaccine preventable diseases are eliminated to create a healthy and vibrant workforce. There is an urgent need to build a viable adolescent immunization program in Nigeria as adolescents represent a window of opportunity to prevent diseases which affect both the younger and older age group. This can be extended to other developing countries as well.