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Item Spectrum of behavioural abnormalities in children with nephrotic syndrome in southwestern Nigeria(JSciMedCentral, 2015) Balogun, F. M.; Ademola, A. D.Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic childhood disease characterized by relapses and children with this condition tend to have behavioural problems associated with the disease. These behavioural problems are usually not anticipated in most resource limited settings and can be frightening thereby making the children and the care givers to be distressed. Seven children with nephrotic syndrome who developed various behavioural abnormalities while on admission were discussed. There were four girls and three boys with age range seven to fourteen years. The abnormal behaviours noted were visual and auditory hallucinations, inappropriate speech and behaviour, attempted suicide, attention seeking behaviour and social withdrawal. These behavioural abnormalities were related to prednisolone therapy in five of the children. Diagnosis made were psychosis and delirium while treatment given included counselling, Risperidone, Halloperidol, Diazepam and reduction or withdrawal of Prednisolone. Abnormal behaviour was not anticipated in these children so the caregivers were taken unaware. This can be worse in infants or in mild cases. Most of the behavioural abnormalities were also associated with the use of prednisolone. There is an urgent need to design guidelines for the management of behavioural abnormalities in nephrotic syndrome especially steroid therapy in resource limited settings. Harmonisation of the skills of paediatric nephrologist and child psychiatrist is also important to obtain the best outcome.Item Nutritional profiles and selected parental factors among children with congenital heart diseases in Ibadan, Nigeria(The Nigeria Cardiac Society, 2015) Balogun, F. M.; Omokhodion, S. I."Background: Among the many adverse sequelae of congenital heart disease (CHD), malnutrition stands out as one of the major concerns. Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the nutritional status, parental age, and mid‑parental heights of children with CHD and their apparently healthy control group. Material and Methods: Electrocardiography and echocardiography were used to confirm the presence or otherwise of CHD in consecutive 100 children with CHDs and 100 age, sex, and social class matched apparently healthy control group. Nutritional parameters, parental ages, and mid‑parental heights were also obtained. Associations were tested using student t test and Chi square test. Level of significance was P < 0.05. Results: There were 54 males with CHD and the age‑range of the children was 1–96 months. The commonest acyanotic CHD was ventricular septal defect (49.0%) while the commonest cyanotic CHD was Fallot’s tetralogy (10%). Children with CHD compared with the control group had significantly lower mean z scores for weight for height, height for age, and weight for age. The mid upper arm circumference, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness were also lower than that found in the control group. Older parental age and lower mid‑parental heights were found among parents of children with CHD compared with those of controls. Conclusions: Malnutrition can be quite severe in children with CHD if unattended to. Early corrective intervention is necessary to prevent short‑term and long‑term sequelae of malnutrition in these children. Parental malnutrition and older parental age are likely predisposing factors to CHD."