scholarly works
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/542
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Item Perceived societal view about condom use and risky sexual behaviour of never-married in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria(Multifacism Institute of Child Health, 2019) Nwaiwu C.; Balogun F. M.There are social factors, within the adolescent environment, that hinder condom use, in HIV prevention. It is therefore important to understand the perception of never-married adolescents towards societal support for condom use, the effectiveness of condoms and access to them. This study assessed the relationship between perceived societal views on condom use and the risky sexual behaviours of adolescents in secondary schools in Nigeria. An interviewer-assisted questionnaire was used to collect information from 420 never-married adolescents, in selected secondary schools, in Ibadan North-East local government area. Perceived societal view about condom use was assessed under support, effectiveness, access. Chi-square and logistic regression were used for data analysis at p<0.05. Mean age of the respondents was 14±1.54 years while 43.3% were males and 19.3% were sexually experienced. Seventy-two (17.8%) perceived societal high support for condom use, 150 (37.3%) believed condom was highly effective and 67(16.5%) had good access to condom. Males were more likely to perceive high support for condom use (AOR=3.17; 95% CI: 1.843-5.433) and high condom effectiveness (AOR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.036-2.374). Perceived support for condom use was significantly associated with multiple sexual partners, sexual activity under the influence of drugs and alcohol (AOR=4.19; 95% CI: 1.752-10.044, AOR=3.67, 95% CI: 1.524-8.851 and AOR=3.91, 95% CI: 1.598-9.575). Sexually experienced adolescents perceive more social support for condom use but had low perception about their access to condom and its effectiveness. Behavioural change efforts promoting condom use as a means of preventing consequences of unprotected sex including HIV should encourage societal acceptance for condom use among adolescents and support access to it as well.Item Helminthiasis and chronic suppurative otitis media in Ijoun community in Ogun State, Nigeria(2018-02) Abdullahi, Z.. A.; Morenikeji, O. A.; Adeyemo, A. A.; Ogunleye, V. O.This study, carried out in a rural community in Ogun state Nigeria, aims to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths, bacteria causing Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM), and their coinfection among school-aged participants. Formol-ether sedimentation technique was used to check for helminth eggs in stool samples. Ear swabs collected were cultured on chocolate, blood and MacConkey agar plates. CD4+T lymphocyte count was derived using a flow cytometre. Study participants were between 5 and 19 years old. Three hundred participants were sampled, 108 (36%) were infected with helminth parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides (28.7%), hookworm (6.7%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.7%). The prevalence of helminth infection between the sexes was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.497; P= 0.390), but statistically significant between the age groups (χ2 = 10.10; P=0.016). Mixed helminthic infections were found in only 3.3% of the study population. Seventeen participants (5.7%) were found to have CSOM. Bacteria isolated in the ear swabs were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae. Only two percent (2%) of study population were co-infected with helminth and bacteria. Heavy intensity of helminths and heavy growth of bacteria was found in the coinfected when compared with single infected children. This study showed the presence of otitis media in the study area, and that helminthiasis might have an effect on its presentation. Efforts to control CSOM in the study site may need to consider the inclusion of mass dewormingItem Denture impaction in the oesophagus: correlation of site and duration of impaction with sequelae(2019-06) Adeyemo, A. A.; Ogunkeyede, S. A.Background: Denture restores aesthesis and function of missing teeth. Accidentally swallowed denture is an otorhinolaryngology emergency. The types of denture base and oesophageal anatomy influence the site of impaction. Objective: To review site of denture impaction and factors associated with site of impaction. To correlate site and duration of denture impaction before removal with associated sequelae. Method: A retrospective study of 27 patients managed in Otorhinolaryngology Department of University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria for oesophageal partial denture impaction, between August 2006 and September 2016. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were extracted from the hospital records, and statistical tables were used to illustrate the data. Results: A total of 27 patients; 14(51.9%) males and 13(48.1%) females, (M: F, 1.1:1) were studied. The age ranged from 24 to 77 years (mean age 49.0 ± 14.2years). Dentures were worn for 3 to 30 years (mean 3.8 ± 2.3years) without follow-up visit to dentist and 85.2% were upper dentures. All patients had history of accidental ingestion of denture, and the mean site of impaction was 18.2 ± 3.2cm from upper incisor, typically at upper cervical oesophagus in elderly patients and in lower oesophagus in females. There was no association between site of denture impaction, duration of denture impaction and operative findings. Conclusion: Advanced age and female gender are associated with site of denture impaction. Late hospital presentation significantly promotes sequelae associated with management of impacted dentures. It is recommended that fundamental changes in denture designs, education on regular follow-ups and avoidance of ill-fitting dentures would reduce the prevalence of denture impactionItem Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria: a clinicopathologic study(Pan African Medical Journal, 2020-06-20) Ogun, G. O.; Olusanya, A. A.; Akinmoladun, V. I.; Adeyemo, A. A.; Ogunkeyede, S. A.; Daniel, A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Fasunla, A. J.; Onakoya, P. A.; Adeosun, A. A.; Nwaorgu, O. G.Introduction: nasopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively common in our environment. It is one of the most difficult malignancies to diagnose at an early stage. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features, clinical disease stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at presentation and at diagnosis as well as the histologic types at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: this was a ten year retrospective study of all histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma between January 2007 to December 2016 using clinical and pathology records and files. Results: there were 73 cases. The male: female ratio was 1.7. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 80 years with a mean age of 39 ± 16 years. The median age at diagnosis was 40 years. The peak age group of occurrence was 40-49 years. The most common symptoms were namely epistaxis in 67.1% of patients at presentation, neck mass/swelling (64.4%) and nasal mass/obstruction (63.0%). Majority (54.8%) of the patients presented late with stage 3 or 4 disease. Most (94.5%) of the tumours were of the non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma subtype. The keratinizing and basaloid variants accounted for 4.1% and 1.4% of the tumours respectively. Conclusion: vague, non-specific symptoms make patients present at late stages of the disease, making it almost impossible to attempt cure. The dominant histopathological type is non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and resembles that seen in most parts of Nigeria and endemic areas of the world