scholarly works
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/341
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Item An evaluation of the impacts of the National Health Insurance Scheme on the employees' health status at the University of Ibadan(2013) Owumi, B. E.; Omorogbe, C. E.; Raphael, S. C.This study examines employees’ health care status and provision of health care services under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected from 383 randomly selected respondents through survey method. Eighteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted among nine male and female respondents each to reflect gender balance. The data generated through the questionnaire were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed a high level of awareness of the scheme among the employees while employees perceived their health status as good following the usage of the health care services under the scheme. The findings revealed the influence of NHIS on the perception of employees’ health status at the University of Ibadan. It is recommended that necessary steps be taken to occupy employees while waiting for consultation with doctor such as provision of informative and educational materials.Item Rational choice theory and the choice of healthcare services in the treatment of malaria in Nigeria(Macrothink Institute, 2013) Owumi, B. E.This paper is on the rational choice theory and the choice of healthcare services for the treatment of malaria in Nigeria. It focuses on the factors that influence or determine the choice malaria treatment using the rational choice theory as the basis. It was discovered that there were many determinants of what informs the maximum utility but it is all wrapped up in the organization of the health care system. Hence, in choosing treatment for malaria, factors like; perceived and actual quality of care, proximity of the services, accessibility, cost of treatment, socio-economic status of the patients, availability of services, etc., are important. These factors in many occasions constitute constraints which in turn makes choices explicit and then patients makes trade-offs between alternatives.Item Factors associated with treatment compliance in hypertension in Southwest Nigeria(2011) Osamor, P. E.; Owumi, B. E.Hypertension is an important condition among adults, affecting nearly one billion people worldwide. Treatment with appropriate medication is a key factor in the control of hypertension and reduction in associated risk of complications. However, compliance with treatment is often sub-optimal, especially in developing countries. The present study investigated the factors associated with self-reported compliance among hypertensive subjects in a poor urban community in southwest Nigeria. This community-based cross sectional study employed a survey of a convenience sample of 440 community residents with hypertension and eight focus-group discussions (FGDs) with a subset of the participants. Of the 440 hypertensive respondents, 65.2% were women, about half had no formal education, and half were traders. Over 60% of the respondents sought care for their condition from the hospital while only 5% visited a chemist or a patent medicine vendor (PMV). Only 51% of the subjects reported high compliance. Factors associated with high self-reported compliance included: regular clinic attendance, not using non-Western prescription medication, and having social support from family members or friends who were concerned about the respondent’s hypertension or who were helpful in reminding the respondent about taking medication. Beliefs about cause of hypertension were not associated with compliance. The findings of the FGDs showed that the respondents believed hypertension is curable with the use of both orthodox and traditional medicines and that a patient who ‘feels well’ could stop using antihypertensive medication. It is concluded that treatment compliance with antihypertensive medication remains sub-optimal in this Nigerian community. The factors associated with high self-reported compliance were identified. More research is needed to evaluate how such findings can be used for the control of hypertension at the community level.Item Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of hypertension in an urban Nigerian community(2010) Osamor, P. E.; Owumi, B. E.Hypertension is a common non communicable condition worldwide. In developing countries (including Nigeria), the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common. This study investigated the frequency and factors associated with use of CAM among hypertensive subjects in an urban Nigerian community. Perspectives about the management of hypertension were obtained from CAM practitioners in the community. Methods: Four hundred and forty hypertensive subjects in Idikan community, Ibadan, were interviewed using a semi-structured survey instrument. Association between categorical variables was tested using the chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify independent predictor variables of CAM use, with CAM use as the outcome variable and the demographic and belief items as predictor variables. In-depth interviews were conducted with all known CAM practitioners in the community on issues relating to their beliefs, knowledge, practice and experiences in managing patients with hypertension in the community. Results: In the study sample, 29% used CAM in the management of their hypertension. Among those using CAM, the most common forms used were herbs (63%) and garlic (21%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that four variables were independent predictors of CAM use: being male (OR 2.58, p < 0.0001), belief in supernatural causes of hypertension (OR 2.11, p = 0.012), lack of belief that hypertension is preventable (OR 0.57, p = 0.014) and having a family history of hypertension (OR1.78, p = 0.042). Other factors such as age, educational level and occupation were not independent predictors of CAM use. Interviews with CAM practitioners revealed that they believed hypertension was caused by evil forces, stress or "too much blood in the body". They also thought they could cure hypertension but that reduced costs (compared to hospitals) was one of the reasons most of their clients consult them. Conclusions: The use of CAM is common among hypertensive subjects in this urban Nigerian community. Men were more than twice as likely to use CAM and belief in supernatural causes of hypertension was the most notable belief predicting CAM use. Interviews with CAM practitioners yielded useful perspectives about the role they play in hypertension management in the community. This study adds to the small but growing literature about the use of CAM in hypertension in sub Saharan Africa. Further studies in hypertension and other non communicable disease are needed.Item Women trafficking and the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS among the trafficked in Edo State(African Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2007) Jerome, P. A.; Owumi, B. E.Women trafficking and HIV/AIDS have affected the country adversely and has posed a threat to the development of the nation. Although studies have documented the contribution of commercial sex workers of long truck drivers towards HIV/AIDS, there is dearth of knowledge about the phenomena of women trafficking and HIV/AIDS. This study therefore focused on the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS amongst trafficked girls in the two rehabilitation centres in Edo State. Qualitative techniques, which through, a case study, in –depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion were used in eliciting data. Content analysis was used in the presentation of findings. The study revealed that most trafficked victims have very little or no knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its prevention before they were trafficked. Data showed improved knowledge of HIV/AIDS during the process of rehabilitation after they had been trafficked. The study observed that most of the trafficked girls refused to test for their HIV-status because they were involved in high-risk sexual behavior (unprotected sex) before rehabilitation to avoid stigma associated with HIV/AIDS if they tested positive. The most known and prefers means of preventing HIV/AIDS amongst trafficked victim is condom use. However data showed that, in actual practice, the use of condom is low especially with regular and close partners. It was also revealed that only one object is shared amongst subjects in the collection of blood, pubic and nails during the oath taking process and this is done to ensure that the girls are bound to their sponsor’s instructions in the course of being trafficked in order to avoid repercussions. Following these findings, the study recommends that effect to combat women trafficking and HIV/AIDS be intensified through poverty alleviation, sensitization against women trafficking and HIV?AIDS, reduction of stigmatization towards HIV/AIDS and empowerment of trafficked girls who have been rehabilitated to reduce recidivism.Item Changing family structures/values and the incidence of human trafficking in Edo State(2007) Owumi, B. E.; Jerome, P. A.This paper attempts to unravel the underpinning factors that account for the upsurge of human trafficking in Edo State, Nigeria. The discourse is hinged on the Mertonian concept of innovation which explains the circumvention of societal mainstream values and employed as a circuit and routes to achieving societies collectively subscribed goals. The aims and objectives of the study include: identifying the changes in family structures that predispose parents to trafficking their children; examining the changes in family values that predispose parents to trafficking ;discussing the perception o parents about trafficking their children and finally explaining the reasons for the persistence of human trafficking despite attempts to curb it. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview methods were used in collecting data. The study revealed that parents are predisposed to trafficking their children due to poverty, unemployment, greed, ignorance, illiteracy, polygyny, distortion of social values, dysfunctional families among others.Item The persistence of female circumcision in Nigeria: a case study of the Okpe people of Delta State(Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, 1994) Owumi, B. E.The paper attempted to examine the reasons accounting for the sustenance of the practice of female circumcision and how to stem it. The basis of the facts presented here are derived from a survey involving a sample of four hundred and five respondents of both sexes conducted in two local government areas (Okpe and Sapele) of Delta state. The subjects that constituted the sample were randomly chosen and the data analysed through simple descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the persistence of female circumcision is due to the application of western methods in the operation thereby reducing the agony and stress associated with the practice. It also identified the low level of education and urbanisation as factors inducing the sustainability of the practice because they make for the persistence of traditional norms and values. Consequent upon these findings, the paper concluded by suggesting the involvement and enlistment of western trained health care professionals as public health educator in an attempt to stamp out the act. In addition to the above, the paper suggested the rapid development of our educational system and urbanisation as a way of weakening non functional traditional values.Item Forms and age at circumcision: some psychological implications for women's fertility(The Network of Psychological Studies of Women Issues, 1994) Owumi, B. E.The paper attempts to examine the forms and age at circumcision with the goal of highlighting the psychological implication of the procedure for women's fertility. The findings are a product of a survey involving a randomly selected sample of 214 women conducted in two local government areas (Okpe and Sapele) of Delta state in Nigeria. The results revealed that circumcised women experience some degree of fear and anxiety states because of the practice and this has some implications for women's sexual behaviour. It also revealed that the period of recovery from the operation also tends to affect the mental image of women and by extension sexual relationships. Arising from the observed adverse effects, the paper concludes by calling for the eradication of the practice in our society.Item Socio-cultural context of developmental milestones in infancy in South West Nigeria: a qualitative study(2015) Osamor, P. E.; Owumi, B. E.; Dipeolu, I. O.Developmental milestones are generally understood to be milestones of neurological development such as neck control, sitting without support, crawling and standing. Child health care providers routinely use normative data on such milestones to evaluate child development. However, there is often a cultural context to expectations of developmental milestones. The goal of this research is to explore the socio-cultural context of developmental milestones in infancy in a Nigerian community. In-depth interview was conducted with 30 mothers enrolled from an infant welfare clinic, southwest, Nigeria The transcripts were coded and analyzed using the Atlas ti 7.0 software package in a combination of thematic and narrative approaches. Mean age of participants was 33.3 (SD 5.1) years, 73% were married, 80% had two or more older children. Mothers expect that a child will be able to sit unaided, crawl and be able to stand by the age of one year. Opinion was divided about if it was possible to predict the age a child will attain a specific milestone. Most mothers reported that the age at which babies attain developmental milestones depends on childrearing practices utilized by the mother. Other factors they perceive as influencing developmental milestones include: having siblings, the age at which siblings and/or parents achieve similar milestones and the environment the child is reared in. Teething was considered an important milestone which has specific culture-bound connotations. Walking was considered one of the most significant milestones, not only indicating normal development but also signifying some independence for both mother and child. In this study of Nigerian mothers, developmental milestones in the first year of life have recognized influencing factors and a number of specific culture-bound associated beliefs. This exploratory study provides insights into intersections between biomedical and cultural concepts of childhood development.Item Socialization and child rearing practices among Nigerian ethnic groups(MCSER-CEMAS-Sapienza University of Rome, 2013) Ajayi, J. O.; Owumi, B. E.Children are socialized into adult roles in society through the process of socialization particularly through the family which is the first contact point of any child into the open world of human relations. Socialization forms differ from one society to the other, in Nigeria there are three major ethnic groups in addition to about two hundred and forty seven minor ones, the pattern and forms of socialization among these ethnic nationalities differ. Ethnic identities and loyalty are built up in children in Nigeria based on these different cultural settings. Divergence in political and social relations including ethnic bigotry experience in the country in contemporary time has its root embedded in the differentiation existing in the nature and nurture of children at the formative stage of their lives. This paper examines the patterns of socialization and child rearing found among the various ethnic groups in Nigeria with a view to identifying lines of symmetry for the promotion of unity and oneness that will engender rapid and sustainable development in the country.