Scholarly works in Psychiatry
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/536
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Item Spirituality and Suicidality Among Patients with Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study from Nigeria(Springer Science+Business Media / Springer Nature, 2021) Esan, O. B.; Lawal, K.Studies which have explored the effect of spirituality on suicidality among patients with schizophrenia have been characterized by inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between spirituality and suicidality among stable patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria. The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale was applied to measure spirituality. There was found a significant relationship between spirituality and having had suicidal thoughts in a lifetime. Spirituality was negatively correlated with the severity of negative symptoms, total positive and negative syndrome scale score (PANSS), the severity of depression, and positively correlated with functioning.Item Achieving health security in Nigeria: A strategic blueprint for addressing psychoactive substance use(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2019) Abdulmalik, J.O.; Lasebikan, V.O.; Makanjuola, V.A.; Oshiname, F. O.; Oladeji, B. D.; Esan, O. B.; Bella - Awusah, T. T.; Ojagbemi, A. A.; Adeniyi, Y. P.; Gureje, O.; Omigbodun, O. O.Introduction: Psychoactive substance use is an important component of health and national security. Nigeria has evolved from a largely transit nation for psychoactive substances to a high consumption nation. Increasing rates of use result in a concurrent rise in crime rates and insecurity, as well as road traffic accidents. The use of psychoactive substances is also implicated in episodes of civil strife, conflicts and wars, such as the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency in North East Nigeria. This observation is likely to worsen over time if there is no coherent and strategic plan to halt and reverse this trend. The forecast portends higher crime rates, heightened insecurity, civil unrest and violent conflicts by 2050, if the rising trend of psychoactive substance use is not reversed. It is a scenario that will not augur well for the stability of Nigeria and the West African region. Methods: A narrative review of the published literature, as well as expert opinion deliberations was utilized to develop a comprehensive analysis of the strategic strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of psychoactive substance use and health security implications for Nigeria. Results: An array of the unique strengths and opportunities are spelt out; along with the inherent weaknesses and threats that should be taken into consideration in mapping out strategies to address the clear and present danger from the rising use of psychoactive substances in Nigeria. Conclusion: Recommended interventions should focus on public awareness campaigns, utilizing behaviour change communication strategies – with a special focus on prevention, mental health promotion activities, training and re-training of regulatory agencies, development and revision of existing policies, as well as better policing and enforcement of access restriction.Item Body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Esan, O. B.; Esan, A.Background: Few Nigerian studies have examined BMI in people with schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence and distribution of obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia and to examine the clinical correlates of BMI and obesity. Methods: A total of 207 people with schizophrenia met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for BMI. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) were rated for all participants. Anthropometric measures such as weight and height were taken using a standard protocol. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 12.6%. The non-obese participants were made up of underweight 24 (11.7%), normal weight 118 (57%) and overweight 38 (18.4%). Compared to non-obese participants, obese participants were older, more educated, more likely to be employed, had higher incomes, lower PANSS score (negative subscale), had fewer female participants, and better social and occupational functioning (p<0.05) BMI was positively correlated with age and monthly income. In the adjusted model, age, gender and education were independently associated with obesity while only age was associated with BMI. Conclusion: The present study suggests that unlike in high-income countries, obese patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria have better social and psychological functioning than non-obese patients.Item Mental health and wellbeing of medical students in Nigeria. A systematic review(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Esan, O. B.; Esan, A.; Folasire, A.; Oluwajulugbe, P.In additional peculiar contemporary social problems due to income inequality, poverty, insecurity and political instability. These have a direct impact on their mental health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to systematically review articles reporting on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders among medical students in Nigeria. Studies were identified using MEDLINE, HINARI, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar databases using search terms encompassing psychiatric morbidity amongst medical students. No date restrictions were applied to the search. The pooled prevalence estimate was calculated for each disorder. Psychological dis tress was present in 25.2% of the students, perceived stress in 60.5%, depression in 33.5% and anxiety in 28.8%. The current use of at least one psychoactive substance was present in up to 44.2%, while 35.5% of all the respondents had experienced one or more forms of abuse during their training as medical students. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among medical stu dents in Nigeria is high. Positive coping mechanisms such as religiosity, positive reframing and resilience which were identified in this review should be optimized to reduce the burden.Item Sexual Dysfunction Among Patients With Schizophrenia in Southwest Nigeria(Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group), 2018) Esan, O. B.; Esan,A.Sexual functioning has received little attention as an important aspect of patient care for those suffering from schizophrenia. In Nigeria, cultural and religious factors often prevent patients from talking with their clinician about their sexual life. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency and nature of sexual dysfunction inpatients with schizophrenia and assess the determinants of sexual dysfunction in such patients. Sexual dysfunction was assessed with the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale in 90 patients with schizophrenia. Demographic and clinical characteristics including quality of life, the severity of schizophrenia, and perceived stigma were recorded using a standardized protocol and at a collection. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 36.7%. Higher scores on the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the general subscale of the PANSS, the total scores on the PANSS, and a family history of mental illness were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction. The only significant predictor of sexual dysfunction was the severity of the negative subscale of the PANSS. This study highlights the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among patients with schizophrenia. Efforts should be made to identify and address this problem.