Scholarly works in Psychiatry

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Author: search.filters.author.Gureje, O.Subject: search.filters.subject.Depression

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    Chronic pain conditions and depression in the Ibadan Study of Ageing
    (Elsevier Inc, 2011) Oladeji, B.D.; Makanjuola, V.A.; Esan, O.B.; Gureje, O.
    "Background—Chronic pain is quite common in the elderly and is often associated with co morbid depression, limitation of functioning and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there is a differential risk of depression among persons with pain in different anatomical sites and to determine which pain conditions are independent risk factors for depression. Methods—Data is from the Ibadan Study of Ageing (ISA), a community based longitudinal survey of persons aged 65 years and older from eight contiguous Yoruba Speaking states in Nigeria (n = 2152). Data was collected in face-to-face interviews; depression was assessed using the World Mental Health initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) while chronic pain was assessed by self-report (response rate = 74%). Results—Estimates of persistent pain (lasting more than 6 months), in different anatomical sites range from 1.3% to 12.8%, with the commonest being joint pains (12.8%), neck or back (spinal) pain (7.6%) and chest pain (3.0%). Significantly more pain conditions were reported by females and by respondents who were aged over 80 years. The risk for depression was higher in respondents with spinal, joint and chest pain. However, only chest pain was independently associated with depression after adjustments were made for pains at other sites and for functional disability. Conclusion—Our data suggests that, among elderly persons, there is a differential association of depression with chronic pain that is related to the anatomical site of the pain."
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    Depression in adult Nigerians: results from the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-being
    (Cambridge University Press & Assessment, 2010) Gureje, O.; Uwakwe, R.; Oladeji, B.; Makanjuola, V.O.; Esan, O.B.
    Background: Community-based studies of the rates and profile of depression among Africans are still sparse. Methods: As part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative, a clustered multi-stage sampling of households in 21 of Nigeria's 36 states (representing 57% of the national population) was implemented to select adults aged 18 years and over(N=6752)for face-to-face interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE) was based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition. Results: Lifetime and 12 monthestimatesofMDEwere3.1%(standarderror0.3) and1.1% (s.e.0.1), receptively. Increasing age was associated with higher estimates of positive responses to stem (screen)questions for depression and of lifetime disorders among stem-positive respondents. The mean age of onset was about 29.2 years. The median (inter quantile range, IQR) duration of an episode among lifetime cases was 1.0 (2.0–2.4) year and the median (IQR) number of lifetime episodes was 1.5 (2.0–2.8). MDE was highly comorbid with anxiety disorders, musculoskeletal conditions, chronic pain and ulcer. The odds ratio of lifetime suicide attempt among persons with lifetime MDEwas11.6(95%confidenceinterval,3.9–34.9).Over25%of12-monthcaseswererated as severely disabled in the performance of usual roles. Only 16.9%(i.e. 5.0) of 12-monthcases had received any treatment. Limitations: All data were based on self-reports. Conclusion: MDE, defined according to DSM-IV, is a risk factor for mental and physical comorbidity as well as disability in Nigerians. Age-related telescoping or denial may partly explain the low rates in this young population