Scholarly works in Psychiatry

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Nigeria

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    Spirituality and Suicidality Among Patients with Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study from Nigeria
    (Springer Science+Business Media / Springer Nature, 2021) Esan, O. B.; Lawal, K.
    Studies which have explored the effect of spirituality on suicidality among patients with schizophrenia have been characterized by inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between spirituality and suicidality among stable patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria. The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale was applied to measure spirituality. There was found a significant relationship between spirituality and having had suicidal thoughts in a lifetime. Spirituality was negatively correlated with the severity of negative symptoms, total positive and negative syndrome scale score (PANSS), the severity of depression, and positively correlated with functioning.
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    Body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021) Esan, O. B.; Esan, A.
    Background: Few Nigerian studies have examined BMI in people with schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence and distribution of obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia and to examine the clinical correlates of BMI and obesity. Methods: A total of 207 people with schizophrenia met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for BMI. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) were rated for all participants. Anthropometric measures such as weight and height were taken using a standard protocol. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 12.6%. The non-obese participants were made up of underweight 24 (11.7%), normal weight 118 (57%) and overweight 38 (18.4%). Compared to non-obese participants, obese participants were older, more educated, more likely to be employed, had higher incomes, lower PANSS score (negative subscale), had fewer female participants, and better social and occupational functioning (p<0.05) BMI was positively correlated with age and monthly income. In the adjusted model, age, gender and education were independently associated with obesity while only age was associated with BMI. Conclusion: The present study suggests that unlike in high-income countries, obese patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria have better social and psychological functioning than non-obese patients.
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    Sleep quality and cognitive impairments in remitted patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria.
    (Elsevier, 2021) Esan, O.B.; Ephraim-Oluwanuga, O. T.
    Background. – Despite the ubiquity of sleep disturbance in schizophrenia, it has generally been overlooked as a potential contributor to cognitive impairments. The main aim of this study was to find out if impaired sleep quality contributes to cognitive impairments in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who are in remission. Methods. – The study was conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan and State Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) were applied in this cross-sectional study, to all consecutive and consenting remitted outpatients with schizophrenia (N = 130). Other instruments such as Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), sociodemographic and clinical measures were also applied. Results. – There were 130 participants made up of 69 females (53.1%) and 61 males(46.9%). The mean age of the participants was 38.5 ± 9.1 years. The prevalence of poor sleep quality in remitted patients with schizophrenia was 56.9%. Sleep quality was significantly negatively correlated with Verbal Learning Test-Immediate (VLT-I) (r(128) = -.18, P = .044) and Verbal Learning Test-Delayed (VLT-D) (r(128) = -.18, P = .037). The variables that independently predicted cognitive functioning were the VLT-I, odds ratio (OR) 0.66; 95% confidence interval ((CI) 0.49-0.88) and education (OR) 0.61;(CI) 0.40- 0.92). Conclusion. – Poor subjective sleep quality measured by the PSQI is linked to cognitive impairment in remitted patients with schizophrenia. We suggest that sleep quality in remitted patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia should receive better attention by physicians.