Scholarly works in Psychiatry

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.schizophrenia

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    Body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021) Esan, O. B.; Esan, A.
    Background: Few Nigerian studies have examined BMI in people with schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence and distribution of obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia and to examine the clinical correlates of BMI and obesity. Methods: A total of 207 people with schizophrenia met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for BMI. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) were rated for all participants. Anthropometric measures such as weight and height were taken using a standard protocol. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 12.6%. The non-obese participants were made up of underweight 24 (11.7%), normal weight 118 (57%) and overweight 38 (18.4%). Compared to non-obese participants, obese participants were older, more educated, more likely to be employed, had higher incomes, lower PANSS score (negative subscale), had fewer female participants, and better social and occupational functioning (p<0.05) BMI was positively correlated with age and monthly income. In the adjusted model, age, gender and education were independently associated with obesity while only age was associated with BMI. Conclusion: The present study suggests that unlike in high-income countries, obese patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria have better social and psychological functioning than non-obese patients.
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    Gender, age at onset, and duration of being ill as predictors for the long-term course and outcome of schizophrenia: an international multicenter study
    (Cambridge University Press, 2021) Fountoulakis, K.N.; Dragioti, E.; Theofilidis, A. T.; Wiklund, T.; Atmatzidis, X.; Nimatoudis, I.; Thys, E.; Wampers, M.; Hranov, L.; Hristova, T.; Aptalidis, D.; Milev, R.; Iftene, F.; Spaniel, F.; Knytl, P.; Furstova, P.; From, T.; Karlsson, H.; Walta, M.; Salokangas, R. K. R.; Azorin, J. M.; Bouniard, J.; Montant, J.; Juckel, G.; Esan, B. O.
    Background: The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of gender, age at onset, and duration on the long-term course of schizophrenia. Methods: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries representing all continents participated in the study that included 2358 patients aged 37.21 11.87 years with a DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as relevant clinicodemographic data were gathered. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used, and the methodology corrected for the presence of potentially confounding effects. Results: There was a 3-year later age at onset for females (P < .001) and lower rates of negative symptoms (P < .01) and higher depression/ anxiety measures (P < .05) at some stages. The age at onset manifested a distribution with a single peak for both genders with a tendency of patients with younger onset having slower advancement through illness stages (P = .001). No significant effects were found concerning duration of illness. Discussion: Our results confirmed a later onset and a possibly more benign course and outcome in females. Age at onset manifested a single peak in both genders, and surprisingly, earlier onset was related to a slower progression of the illness. No effect of duration has been detected. These results are partially in accord with the literature, but they also differ as a consequence of the different starting point of our methodology (a novel staging model), which in our opinion precluded the impact of confounding effects. Future research should focus on the therapeutic policy and implications of these results in more representative samples.