Scholarly works in Psychiatry

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/536

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Depression

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    Depression and anxiety disorders amongst a cohort of infertile women attending an in-vitro fertilization clinic in south-western Nigeria.
    (Zambia Medical Association, 2019) Obajimi, G.O.; Esan, O.B.; Ogunkinle, B. N.
    Background: Psychological consequences of infertility have been documented in both developed and less developed countries. Depression and anxiety disorders have been identified as important causative factors. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity amongst infertile women has been shown to be quite high with values as high as 46.4%. A high premium is placed on childbirth in Nigeria and failure to conceive is associated with disastrous consequences. Failed In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles have been implicated in psychological distress. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression amongst infertile women undergoing IVF and to examine the psychosocial stressors associated with the development of these morbidities. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study of fifty-one infertile women attending an In-Vitro Fertilization clinic in Lagos, South Western, Nigeria. Participants were recruited consecutively at their first consultation visit and a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic information along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was completed by the participants. Data obtained from the respondents was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS, New York) version 21. The Chi-Square statistic was used in testing for associations between categorical variables. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 38.96 ± 5.91 years with a range of 23-49 years. 76.5% (39/51) of the women had infertility greater than 5 years, while 49 % (25/51) of the women were aged 40 years and above with 96% (24/25) of this group experiencing infertility greater than 5 years. Anxiety was recorded in 24 respondents (47.1%) while Eighteen respondents (35.3%) had evidence of depression. Marital disharmony was found to be associated with the development of anxiety (P<0.05) Conclusion: The impact of infertility on the Nigerian couple can be devastating. Lack of support coupled with the overbearing and intrusive nature of family members predisposes to the development of psychosocial distress. We therefore recommend that Physicians pay attention to the psychosocial stressors experienced by infertile women prior to In Vitro Fertilization with the aim of ensuring appropriate referral for psychiatric assessment and treatment.
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    Chronic pain conditions and depression in the Ibadan Study of Ageing
    (Elsevier Inc, 2011) Oladeji, B.D.; Makanjuola, V.A.; Esan, O.B.; Gureje, O.
    "Background—Chronic pain is quite common in the elderly and is often associated with co morbid depression, limitation of functioning and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there is a differential risk of depression among persons with pain in different anatomical sites and to determine which pain conditions are independent risk factors for depression. Methods—Data is from the Ibadan Study of Ageing (ISA), a community based longitudinal survey of persons aged 65 years and older from eight contiguous Yoruba Speaking states in Nigeria (n = 2152). Data was collected in face-to-face interviews; depression was assessed using the World Mental Health initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) while chronic pain was assessed by self-report (response rate = 74%). Results—Estimates of persistent pain (lasting more than 6 months), in different anatomical sites range from 1.3% to 12.8%, with the commonest being joint pains (12.8%), neck or back (spinal) pain (7.6%) and chest pain (3.0%). Significantly more pain conditions were reported by females and by respondents who were aged over 80 years. The risk for depression was higher in respondents with spinal, joint and chest pain. However, only chest pain was independently associated with depression after adjustments were made for pains at other sites and for functional disability. Conclusion—Our data suggests that, among elderly persons, there is a differential association of depression with chronic pain that is related to the anatomical site of the pain."
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    Depression in adult Nigerians: results from the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-being
    (Cambridge University Press & Assessment, 2010) Gureje, O.; Uwakwe, R.; Oladeji, B.; Makanjuola, V.O.; Esan, O.B.
    Background: Community-based studies of the rates and profile of depression among Africans are still sparse. Methods: As part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative, a clustered multi-stage sampling of households in 21 of Nigeria's 36 states (representing 57% of the national population) was implemented to select adults aged 18 years and over(N=6752)for face-to-face interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE) was based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition. Results: Lifetime and 12 monthestimatesofMDEwere3.1%(standarderror0.3) and1.1% (s.e.0.1), receptively. Increasing age was associated with higher estimates of positive responses to stem (screen)questions for depression and of lifetime disorders among stem-positive respondents. The mean age of onset was about 29.2 years. The median (inter quantile range, IQR) duration of an episode among lifetime cases was 1.0 (2.0–2.4) year and the median (IQR) number of lifetime episodes was 1.5 (2.0–2.8). MDE was highly comorbid with anxiety disorders, musculoskeletal conditions, chronic pain and ulcer. The odds ratio of lifetime suicide attempt among persons with lifetime MDEwas11.6(95%confidenceinterval,3.9–34.9).Over25%of12-monthcaseswererated as severely disabled in the performance of usual roles. Only 16.9%(i.e. 5.0) of 12-monthcases had received any treatment. Limitations: All data were based on self-reports. Conclusion: MDE, defined according to DSM-IV, is a risk factor for mental and physical comorbidity as well as disability in Nigerians. Age-related telescoping or denial may partly explain the low rates in this young population