Scholarly works in Psychiatry

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    Staging of schizophrenia with the use of PANSS: an international multi-center study
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Fountoulakis, K.N.; Dragioti, E.; Theofilidis, A.T.; Wikilund, T.; Atmatzidis, X.; Nimatudis, I; Thys, E.; Wampers, M.; Hranov, L.; Hristova, T.; Aptalidis, D.; Milev, R.; Iftene, F.; Esan, O.B.; Oladele, O.B.; Osunbote, C.
    Introduction: A specific clinically relevant staging model for schizophrenia has not yet been developed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure of the PANSS and develop such a staging method. Methods: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries contributed 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Analysis of covariance, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and inspection of resultant plots were performed. Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis returned 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance (positive, negative, excitement/hostility, depression/anxiety, and neurocognition). The staging model included 4 main stages with substages that were predominantly characterized by a single domain of symptoms (stage 1: positive; stages 2a and 2b: excitement/hostility; stage 3a and 3b: depression/anxiety; stage 4a and 4b: neurocognition). There were no differences between sexes. The Discriminant Function Analysis developed an algorithm that correctly classified >85% of patients. Discussion: This study elaborates a 5-factor solution and a clinical staging method for patients with schizophrenia. It is the largest study to address these issues among patients who are more likely to remain affiliated with mental health services for prolonged periods of time.
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    The self-perceived health-care needs of patients with bipolar disorder in Nigeria.
    (Springer Nature, 2018) Esan, O.B.; Medubi, A.
    Few studies have examined the health care needs of patients with bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the clinical and social needs of patients with bipolar disorder in Nigeria and to study the demographic and clinical correlates of such needs. This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive and consenting out patients with bipolar disorder (n = 100), were assessed with the Camberwell Assessment of Needs Short Appraisal Schedule, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-Shortened Version (ISEL-12), the World Health Organization Quality of life-BREF and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The most frequently rated areas of total needs as well as unmet needs were in the domain of sexual expression, intimate relationships and the need for company. The mean number of total needs per participant was 10.70 while the median number of unmet needs was 1.50. The total number of unmet needs was significantly higher for unremitted participants compared to remit ted participants. The total number of unmet needs was positively correlated with the severity of manic symptoms (YMRS score) and negatively correlated with the level of social relationships (social domain of WHOQOL), functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score) and social support (Tangible Support subscale of the ISEL). The GAF score and YMRS score significantly predicted unmet needs. The study underscores the importance of assessing the needs of patients with bipolar disorder in Nigeria.