Scholarly works in Pathology (Basic Med Sci)
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Item Spinal meningioma: clinical profile and outcome of surgical management(The Pan African Medical Journal, 2022) Oyemolade, T. A.; Adeolu, A. A.; Malomo, A. O.; Shokunbi, M. T.; Salami, A. A.Spinal meningiomas are relatively rare tumors with often favorable surgical outcomes. There is a paucity of data on spinal meningiomas in the Nigerian literature. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence, anatomical distribution, and outcome of surgical treatment of spinal meningiomas at our center. This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent surgery for spinal meningioma during the study period. Data were obtained from case notes, operation, and pathology registers. Univariate analysis was performed using SPSS version 15 (SPSS Science Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). There were 11 patients in the study, all females, with an age range of 26–65 years. All patients presented with motor deficits. Four patients (36.4%) presented within six months of symptom onset, while symptom duration exceeded one year in five patients (45.5%). Preoperative functional grading was Frankel A in 2 patients (18.2%), Frankel B and C in 4 patients each (36.4%), and Frankel D in 1 patient (9.1%). Tumor locations were thoracic in six patients (54.5%), cervical in 2 patients (18.2%), and cervicothoracic in 3 patients (27.3%). All patients underwent gross total tumor resection. Postoperative neurological improvement occurred in 7 patients (63.6%), while 4 patients (36.4%) remained neurologically unchanged. Gross total tumor resection was achieved in all cases with satisfactory functional outcomes.Item Postmortem Heart Weights and Valvular Circumference of Apparently Healthy Adult Nigerian Decedents - an Observational Study(The Brazilian Society of Anatomy (SBA), 2022) Ezenkwa, U. S.; Salami, A. A.; Adeoye, A. O.; Ogunbiyi, O. J.Introduction: Organ weights at postmortem examination of deceased Nigerians are compared with those of Caucasians to determine pathologies and cause of death. Indigenous data are needed because of differences in race and lifestyle. Materials and Methods: This was an eleven-year retrospective study. Postmortem findings and summarized clinical notes of deceased Nigerians archived in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2018 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were age 18–70 years, traumatic or sudden unexpected death with no pathology in the heart, and no history or postmortem features of hypertension. Data on age, gender, cause of death, body length, heart weights, heart valve circumferences, and ventricular wall thickness were retrieved. Descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, and regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 20. Confidence limits were set at p < 0.05. Results: Eighty-five cases fulfilled the criteria, comprising 64 males and 21 females, with mean ages of 39.1 ± 13.8 years and 37.2 ± 11.0 years, respectively. The mean heart weights for males and females differed significantly, with means of 310.8 ± 40.3 g (220–405 g) and 261.3 ± 34.0 g (200–325 g), respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean body lengths also differed significantly, with males at 1.70 ± 0.1 m and females at 1.62 ± 0.1 m (p < 0.002). There was no significant difference in age between males and females (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis suggested that only gender was a likely predictor of heart weight (p < 0.001). The mean circumferences of the tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, and aortic valves were 11.2 cm, 9.3 cm, 7.2 cm, and 6.4 cm, respectively, while the mean left and right ventricular wall thicknesses were 1.3 cm and 0.3 cm, respectively. Conclusion: Heart weights and valvular circumferences of apparently healthy adult Nigerians differ by gender and show ranges beyond values reported in other populations. These findings highlight the need for locally derived nomograms for postmortem assessments.Item Histomorphological Spectrum and Trend of Spinal Neoplastic Lesions: A Single Institutional 40-year review(Zambia Medical Association (supported via African Journals OnLine), 2021) Salami, A. A.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Iwuagwu, E. I.; Ajani, M. A.; Balogun, A. J.; Oyemolade, A. T.; Adeolu, A. A.Objectives: Spinal tumors are much less common compared to brain neoplasms. In our setting, due to poor data collection, underreporting, and limited presentation to medical facilities, studies on spinal tumors are sparse. Consequently, there is a lack of data on the frequency of spinal tumors in a predominantly Black population. Previous studies in our environment reported spinal tumors to be infrequent, with extramedullary tumors being more common. This study examines the histomorphological spectrum of spinal tumors in an African setting, comparing it with previous observations to determine possible changes over the decades. Methods: Data were obtained from hospital records of patients over a forty-year period. Information collected included patients’ age, gender, and histomorphological data of all neoplastic spinal lesions. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Results: Tumors were more common between the third and sixth decades of life. There was a slight male preponderance, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Meningiomas were the most common tumors seen during the study period, contrasting with previous studies that had shown Burkitt lymphoma as predominant. The data also showed a steady rise in the number of cases over the study period, suggesting increased hospital presentations and more surgical interventions. Conclusion: This study showed differences in patient demographics and histological tumor types compared to previous reports. These changes are likely due to better awareness among patients and improved diagnostic facilities.Item Prevalence and Review of Pathological Anatomy of Gestational Choriocarcinoma in Ibadan(JournalGurus (on behalf of the Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria), 2022) Awosusi, B. L.; Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.Objectives: Gestational choriocarcinoma (GCC) is a highly malignant epithelial tumor arising from the trophoblast of any type of gestational event, most often a complete hydatidiform mole. Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia due to its rapid growth and metastatic potential. This study reviewed all cases of GCC seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: This was a 20-year retrospective hospital-based study designed to review all histologically diagnosed cases of choriocarcinoma registered at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, from 1st January 1997 to 31st December 2016. Clinicopathological data were extracted from the departmental surgical day book, ward register, Department of Medical Records, and Cancer Registry. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22. Results were presented in tables, relative frequencies, and group percentages. Results: One hundred and eighty-three cases of gestational trophoblastic disease were histologically diagnosed within the study period, of which 36 cases were GCC, accounting for 19.7%. Of all the cases, 55.6% were received as endometrial biopsies, 33.3% as hysterectomy specimens, 8.3% as cervical biopsies, and 2.8% as an anterior vaginal wall mass. Choriocarcinoma occurred in the age range of 20 to 50 years, with the majority of cases occurring in the third decade of life. Conclusion: Gestational choriocarcinoma remains the most common form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in our environment. Awareness of this tumor, along with a high index of suspicion, is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective patient management.Item WHO classification of meningiomas–A single institutional experience(Elsevier Masson/Elsevier BV, 2020) Salami, A. A.; Idowu, O. A.; Akanji, A. M.; Onakpoma, F.Introduction Meningiomas are among the most common intracranial neoplasms worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified the neoplasm into three grades, with each grade having several histological variants. Several studies conducted in Black populations have shown differences compared with Caucasian populations regarding the occurrence of histological variants. Our study sought to examine the histological variants of meningioma seen in a predominantly Black population using the WHO grading system. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of all meningiomas seen in our hospital facility over a twenty-year period. Data from all patients diagnosed with meningioma, who also had surgical biopsies taken, were analyzed. The meningiomas were graded using the WHO grading system and classified into different histological variants within each grade as described by the WHO study group. Results The study included a total of 163 biopsies. There were more females diagnosed with meningiomas, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.4. Most of the tumors were grade one; however, there were more males with malignant meningiomas. Transitional meningiomas were the most commonly seen variants among the grade one tumors, while atypical and anaplastic variants were most common in grades two and three, respectively. Conclusion A larger population-based study is needed to provide epidemiological data on the occurrence of meningiomas in Black populations.Item Splenic metastasis from recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma 12 years post-nephrectomy: A case report(Springer Nature, 2021) Adebayo, S. A.; Salami, A. A.; Takure, A. O.; Fasola, O. A.; Ulasi, I. B.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Shittu, O. B.Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases to the spleen are rare. At the time of this report, only 20 cases of splenic metastases from RCC have been published in the literature. To our knowledge, this report represents the first case of splenic metastasis from a chromophobe RCC. Case presentation: A 44-year-old woman presented with clinical and radiological features of splenic metastasis from RCC, 12 years after radical nephrectomy for chromophobe RCC. Computed tomography, laparotomy, and splenectomy revealed metastases to the spleen and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Conclusion: Splenic metastasis from RCC is uncommon, and even rarer from a chromophobe subtype of RCC. Surgical management of the metastasis is recommended.Item Splenic metastasis from recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma 12 years post-nephrectomy: A case report(Springer Nature, 2021) Adebayo, S. A.; Salami, A. A.; Takure, A. O.; Fasola, O. A.; Ulasi, I. B.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Shittu, O. B.Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases to the spleen are rare. At the time of this report, only 20 cases of splenic metastases from RCC have been published in the literature. To our knowledge, this report represents the first case of splenic metastasis from a chromophobe RCC. Case presentation: A 44-year-old woman presented with clinical and radiological features of splenic metastasis from RCC, 12 years after radical nephrectomy for chromophobe RCC. Computed tomography, laparotomy, and splenectomy revealed metastases to the spleen and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Conclusion: Splenic metastasis from RCC is uncommon, and even rarer from a chromophobe subtype of RCC. Surgical management of the metastasis is recommended.Item Spinal Schwannomatosis Unassociated with Phakomatosis: A Case Report(Samdavies Publishers, His Grace Villa, Plot 4, Adenekan-Oyejide Street, Oloruntedo Layout, Kuelu, Olode, New Ife Road, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2021) Badejo, O. A.; Nwafuluaku, E. C.; Salami, A. A.Schwannomas are slow-growing, encapsulated benign tumors of the peripheral nerves. The multiplicity of these tumors has been linked with genetic anomalies associated with neurofibromatosis. Schwannomatosis is a rare autosomal-dominant tumor syndrome characterized by the occurrence of multiple schwannomas of the peripheral nervous system, with no involvement of the vestibular nerve. This contrasts with neurofibromatosis 2, in which the existence of bilateral vestibular schwannomas is pathognomonic. Spinal schwannomatosis without features of neurofibromatosis is a very rare occurrence, previously unreported in Nigerian neurosurgical literature. We present a Nigerian patient with cervical intradural-extramedullary and thoracic intramedullary spinal schwannomas. His treatment outcome and a brief literature review were also discussed.Item Histopathological analysis of male breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: A single-center retrospective study(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Odetola, S. S.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Salami, A. A.Background: Breast cancer in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to review all the male breast cancer cases diagnosed at the tertiary medical institution in South West Nigeria over a 10‑year period and to compare the findings with other similar studies done in Nigeria and globally. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all histologically diagnosed cases of male breast cancers in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Medical Institution in South West Nigeria over a 10‑year period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Clinicopathological parameters including patients’ age, laterality, and specific histological sub‑types were extracted from surgical day book and Cancer Registry of the Department. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The results were subsequently presented in tables, relative frequencies, group percentages, and photomicrographs. Results: Forty‑two cases of male breast cancer were seen, accounting for 1.7% of all breast cancer cases. The age range was between 22 and 91 years with a mean age of 60.3 years, and a peak occurrence was in the 8th decade. The right breast was more affected than the left, accounting for 52% of the total number of cases seen. The most common histological sub‑type found was invasive ductal carcinoma, accounting for 88% of all the cases. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is relatively uncommon compared to female breast cancer. It is more common in the older age group, and invasive ductal carcinoma is still the most common histological subtype.Item Histopathological analysis of male breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: A single-center retrospective study(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Odetola, S. S.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Salami, A. A.Background: Breast cancer in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to review all the male breast cancer cases diagnosed at the tertiary medical institution in South West Nigeria over a 10‑year period and to compare the findings with other similar studies done in Nigeria and globally. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all histologically diagnosed cases of male breast cancers in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Medical Institution in South West Nigeria over a 10‑year period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Clinicopathological parameters including patients’ age, laterality, and specific histological sub‑types were extracted from surgical day book and Cancer Registry of the Department. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The results were subsequently presented in tables, relative frequencies, group percentages, and photomicrographs. Results: Forty‑two cases of male breast cancer were seen, accounting for 1.7% of all breast cancer cases. The age range was between 22 and 91 years with a mean age of 60.3 years, and a peak occurrence was in the 8th decade. The right breast was more affected than the left, accounting for 52% of the total number of cases seen. The most common histological sub‑type found was invasive ductal carcinoma, accounting for 88% of all the cases. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is relatively uncommon compared to female breast cancer. It is more common in the older age group, and invasive ductal carcinoma is still the most common histological subtype.