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Item Vocabulary and reasoning abilities as correlates of secondary school students’ achievement in Yoruba esssay writing in Osun State, Nigeria(2022-06) Abijo, J. A.This study examined vocabulary and reasoning abilities as correlates of secondary school students ’ achievement in Yoruba essay writing in Osun State, Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto design of survey research type. The target population for the study comprised public and private senior secondary school II students. Simple random sampling technique was used to select four hundred students from ten secondary schools. The three instruments used for data collection are: Vocabulary Ability Test (r=0.82'), Reasoning Ability Test (r=0.89) and Yoruba Essay Writing Achievement Test (r=0.87). The study data was analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation and Multiple regression analysis. Findings of the study revealed that the independent variables (vocabulary ability, reasoning ability) jointly predicted students' achievement in Yoruba essay writing (F(2,297) = 7.968; p<0.05). Furthermore, vocabulary ability contributed most with (ft = 0.158; t = 3.684; p<0.05) while reasoning ability did not contribute significantly to the model (f = 0.025; t = 0.498; p>0.05). The study recommended that vocabulary and reasoning abilities of the students should be given attention to by the teachers and parents, through thought-provoking ideas and questions. Schools should also encourage their students to participate in essay writing competitions organized within and outside the school premisesItem Environmental and personality factors as correlates of students’ achievement in Yoruba language essay writing in Oyo state(2021-06) Abijo, J. A.Abstract Yoruba language essay writings have attracted the interest of linguists and language educators, as observations reveal that construction of meaningful expression has become a challenge among secondary school students in recent times. Ongoing research attention has consequently been focused on a myriad of factors that could possibly explain students ’ achievement. This research, therefore, investigated environmental and personality factors as correlates of students ’ achievement in Yoruba essay writing in Oyo State. The study used survey research type of ex-post facto design; where three hundred (300) students were drawn through a multi-stage sampling procedure, from three educational zones in Oyo State. Three instruments were used to gather information: Environmental Factors Questionnaire (r=0.75); Personality Factors Questionnaires (r=0.80); and Yoruba Language Essay Writing Achievement Test (YLEWAT) (r=0.86). The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple regression analysis. Results of the study showed that a relationship exists between environmental variables (physical environment and classroom environment) and students’ achievement in essay writing (r=0.482, p<0.05; and r = 0.218, p<0.05, respectively). Also, all the personality variables were significantly related to achievement in Yoruba essay writing ((.r=0.140, p < 0.05); (r=0.136, p < 0.05); (r=0.144, p < 0.05) for attitude, self-efficacy and gender respectively). Furthermore, all the variables jointly explained 27.3 of the variance observed in students' achievement in Yoruba essay writing. And only the environmental variables contributed to the prediction of students ’ achievement in Yoruba essay writing β = 0.433; t = 8.172; p<0.05 and β = 0.123; t = 2.300; p<0.05, respectively for physical and classroom environments). The study recommended, among other things, that School administrators, government and parents should provide an enabling environment for the students to motivate them for learning