scholarly works
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Item Prediction of Road Traffic Accidents Outcomes on Selected Routes in Ibadan Environs Using Time-Series Models(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2024-06) Akintayo, F. O.; Ajaelu, C. S.; Komolafe, O.Road traffic accidents has emerged as a major public concern due to the associated burdens of injuries, loss of lives and properties. The objective of this paper is to use time-series technique applying autoregressive integrated moving average and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving over models to predict accidents outcomes within and around Ibadan metropolis for appropriate mitigation measures. Data on daily recorded cases of road traffic accidents on several specified routes between 2019 and 2021 were collected from the Federal Road Safety Corps, Ibadan Zonal Office. The RTAs outcomes were grouped into three: injuries, fatalities and vehicle occupants. The training set consisted of data from December 2019 to June 2021, whereas the testing set was composed of data from July 2021 to December 2021. During the study, 427 fatalities and 2,245 injuries were caused by traffic accidents involving a total of 5,577 vehicle occupants. By the end of 2025, the study projected a 172% rise in the death rate and a 38% increase in the number of vehicle occupants involved in RTAs in the study area, and approximately 32% of those occupants suffering injuries. There was no discernible seasonal pattern in the trends of injury and fatality rates. There is an immediate need for a road traffic accident prevention and evaluation program in the study region given the projected number of injuries and fatalitiesItem Assessment of Vehicular Emission in Major Roadways within Ibadan Metropolis(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2024-06) Akintayo, F. O.; Ikporukpo, D. J.The aggravation of road traffic as a result of rapid urbanisation and ineffective air quality management systems in urban centres pose a threat to public health. Air pollutants have significant adverse effect on the ecosystem. The study investigated the magnitude of air pollutants and relationship with vehicle emissions in three selected roads noted for their characteristic high traffic volume in Ibadan Metropolis. The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOX) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in the three selected locations (Beere market road, Mokola interchange, and Oyo road near the University of Ibadan Main Gate) were monitored using a Smart Sensor AS8900 model multi-gas detector and an IOT-based device setup known as the Raspberry pi 3+ B model with gas sensor add-on. The daily monitoring of emission was conducted for 24 days and results analysed using statistical methods. The average recorded pollutant emissions were below the standards set by the WHO. Pollutant emissions 21.81 ± 25.24ppm for carbon monoxide, 411.92 ± 145.11ppm for carbon dioxide, 0.04 ± 0.02ppm for nitrogen oxides and 0.004 ± 0.001ppm for sulphur dioxide. The concentration values of the pollutants varied with the traffic volume. Overall, the analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between traffic volume and presence of pollutants in the study area. However, the regular agencies ought to further monitor traffic and other related pollutant emissions to ensure environmental safetyItem Pedo-geotechnical evaluation of subgrade soils along failed Ago-Iwoye/Ilisan road, part of southwestern Nigeria(Taylor& Francis ltd, 2024-03) Adebisi, N. O.; Ariyo, S. O; Denis, K.; Olufemi, S. T.; Akintayo, F. O.; Oyebolu, O. O.; Frank, A. IThis study utilized the principles of soil mechanics and the physiograph concept to establish pedo-geotechnical patterns of natural soils for the design of pavement structure. A total of 60 disturbed and undisturbed subgrades were sampled from 10 locations at the SB segment, 10 locations through the TZ and 10 locations at the BC end. A series of specific gravity, grain-size distribution, consistency limits, compaction characteristics (unsoaked and soaked CBR) and shear strength parameters were performed. Field observation and test results revealed that the studied area consists of extensive sand, interposed with clayey sand bodies along the SB segment. Also, particles of various sizes at the TZ and heterogeneous sandy clay in the BC segment were noted. Soils from the TZ under soaked conditions have the highest CBR (80.0–88.1%), MDD (19.0–19.1 kN/m3) and the lowest OMC (10.2–10.5%) values. They also have the highest cohesive strength (72.0–80.0 kN/m2) and angle of internal friction (14°−16°). Comparison among properties revealed that soils from the SB area especially, the TZ have much higher subgrade ratings compared to the soils from the BC terrain. The result revealed that the physiography factors affect the performance of the entire pavement structure.Item Design of Rigid Pavement for Oke- Omi Road, Ibadan, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022-09) Akintayo, F. O.; Osasona,D.T.Rigid pavements are often preferred to flexible types due to their higher durability and ease of maintenance also to reduce early road failure and increase its longevity. This study redesigned a deteriorated segment of Oke-Omi flexible road pavement as a rigid pavement. The pavement thickness was derived using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design method. A program using a spreadsheet was developed to facilitate the design process. The sieve analysis result showed that the soil was poorly graded. The soil has a low plasticity index of 28.1% (liquid limit 46.2%, plastic limit 18.1%); the Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content were 1999 g/cm3 and 10.8% respectively. The California Bearing Ratio of the soil was 48.43% which shows that the subgrade strength was adequate. The computed Estimated Single Axle Load (ESAL) for both the base year and the projected year are 6.74x106 and 100x106 single axle respectively. The design process yielded the pavement thickness of 240 mm and 380 mm for the base year (2017) and projected year (2037) respectively. A rigid pavement of adequate thickness was designed for the deteriorated segment of the Oke-Omi RoadItem Design of Rigid Pavement for Oke- Omi Road, Ibadan, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022-09) Akintayo, F. O.; Agboluaje, F.M.The Paper determined the capacity and level of operational performance of Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout traffic intersections in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. These Roundabouts were gridlock intersections, where roundabout was introduced to control traffic flow and reduce congestion. As traffic volume increases in Ibadan metropolis, the unsignalized road intersections having roundabouts as control measures also exhibit traffic congestion especially at peak periods. This study analyzed the traffic operation and evaluated the capacity for the two selected roundabouts. Geometric data of the roundabouts (entry width, circulatory road width, number of entry and circulatory lanes, and island diameter), traffic movement data with vehicle characteristics and traffic volume data in form of video recordings were collected for the two selected roundabouts at morning and evening peak periods. Empirical analysis technique was adopted to evaluate the capacity for each roundabout. Evaluated results showed that the degree of saturation (DOS) i.e. volume to capacity ratio of 0.78 and 2.49 at morning peak period had equivalent level of service (LOS) of ‘C’ and ‘F’ for Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout, respectively. Also, at evening peak period the degree of saturation of 0.84 and 0.75 gave a corresponding level of service of ‘D’ and ‘C’ for Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout, respectively. This study showed that the traffic carrying capacity at peak periods for Ojoo roundabout is operating at an acceptable condition both in the morning and evening peak periods. New Garage Roundabout is operating at near capacity at evening peak period, but operating above capacity at morning peak period, which shows that the present conditions are not adequate for controlling traffic operation.Item Gender in Civil Engineering Education: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri,Rwanda(Department of Civil Engineering,University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Nyirajana, J.; Okunlola, O.Engineering and technology are basic in any country’s development. Addressing the gender gap in civil engineering education will help to narrow the gender pay gap, enhance women’s economic security and ensure a diverse and talented STEM workforce. This paper focuses on gender disparity in civil engineering education at Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri (INES), Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Data were sourced from the graduating records of the Departments of Civil Engineering, INES Ruhengeri, Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, covering a period of 5 years (2016 - 2021). Data were analyzed using excel tools. The Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, recorded a slight increase in the number of female graduating students from 5 in the 2015/16 session to 6 in the 2020/21 session, representing a 20% increment and a slight reduction in the number of male graduating students in the department from 37 in the 2016/17 session to 28 in the 2020/21 session representing a 32% reduction. At INES, Ruhengeri, the number of male graduating students in the Department of Civil Engineering increased from 46 in the 2016/17 session to 145 in 2020/21, showing a 215% increment, and the number of female students increased from 18 in 2016/17 to 23 in 2020/21 showing an increment of 28%. The overall percentage of females in civil engineering education is below 20% compared to over 80% of males in the two institutions. Although the number of male graduating students decreases as the year progresses, the increase in female graduating students is not significant. Hence the gender gap seems to remain with year progression. The study proposes an improvement in motivating female students by providing scholarships, including pedagogical motivation in science coursesItem Gender in Civil Engineering Education: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri,Rwanda.(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Nyirajana, J.Engineering and technology are basic in any country’s development. Addressing the gender gap in civil engineering education will help to narrow the gender pay gap, enhance women’s economic security and ensure a diverse and talented STEM workforce. This paper focuses on gender disparity in civil engineering education at Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri (INES), Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Data were sourced from the graduating records of the Departments of Civil Engineering, INES Ruhengeri, Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, covering a period of 5 years (2016 - 2021). Data were analysed using excel tools. The Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, recorded a slight increase in the number of female graduating students from 5 in the 2015/16 session to 6 in the 2020/21 session, representing a 20% increment and a slight reduction in the number of male graduating students in the department from 37 in the 2016/17 session to 28 in the 2020/21 session representing a 32% reduction. At INES, Ruhengeri, the number of male graduating students in the Department of Civil Engineering increased from 46 in the 2016/17 session to 145 in 2020/21, showing a 215% increment, and the number of female students increased from 18 in 2016/17 to 23 in 2020/21 showing an increment of 28%. The overall percentage of females in civil engineering education is below 20% compared to over 80% of males in the two institutions. Although the number of male graduating students decreases as the year progresses, the increase in female graduating students is not significant. Hence the gender gap seems to remain with year progression. The study proposes an improvement in motivating female students by providing scholarships, including pedagogical motivation in science coursesItem Safety performance of selected bus stops in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Sonichukwu, A. A.Bus systems cannot be fully explored if issues such as safety of bus passengers on-board or at bus stops are not addressed. This study was aimed at assessing the safety of bus stops in Ibadan metropolis. Twenty bus stops were purposefully selected for this study from the five urban local government areas in Ibadan metropolis. A field survey involving interviews with 50 passengers and direct observations of hazardous acts was carried out at the bus stops. Casual factors of hazardous acts were noted as well. A score survey was conducted with 17 experts (civil engineers and transportation engineering researchers) where they were asked to rate how much each casual factor contributes to its corresponding hazardous act using a scale of 1–4 (1 being ‘not important at all’ and 4 being ‘very important’). Experts were also asked to make pairwise comparisons among hazardous acts and consistent responses were analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP). Results from the score survey and AHP were used to model the safety levels of the selected bus stops. With safety levels ranging from 2.38 to 4.83 (10 being the best and 0 being the worst), all bus stops fell short of an acceptable level of safety. Also, Interviews conducted revealed passengers’ dissatisfaction with their user-experience. Recommendations were therefore made based on the findings.Item Traffic flow rate on Kigali roads: a case of national roads (RN1 and RN3)(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 0201-06) Nyirajana, J.; Akintayo, F. O.; |Coker, A. O.Traffic flow study plays a key important in various functionalities of cities all over the world. The study of traffic flow is also viewed as an essential facility of the country when it wants to establish traffic operations patterns in the progress of road planning. Blockages are accountable for a sequence of harmful effects such as loss of time, scheduling difficulties, carbon dioxide production, and risks of accidents as well as external expense. Besides, inadequate transportation facilities and increased traffic volume hamper urban development, especially in developing nations. The objective of the study was to assess the traffic flow state in two selected national roads of Kigali city. The traffic data were collected from 5 am to 8 pm on two National Roads (RN1 and RN3). The relationship between density and flow rate was analyzed using the fundamental diagram of traffic flow. It was found that the peak hours were from 6 am to 8 am and 5 pm to 8 pm. The highest number of vehicles counted were motorcycles due to shortcuts taken to reduce travel time. The results on RN3 revealed a proportion increase of traffic flow and density in the free-flow regime from 0 to maximum flow of 3346.6 veh/h correspondent to a critical density of 229.9 veh/km. However, in the congested zone regime, there was a decrease in traffic flow and an increase in density. It was found that the curve of flow versus density tended to increase on-road RN1. This study proposed the promotion of public transport and e-commerce as strategies to mitigate the congestion. Also, further research may be carried out on all roads of Kigali city, to provide the level of congestion useful for traffic deviation accordingly.Item Assessment of the impacts of building construction activities on the environment(Department of civil engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-state, Nigeria ,department of chemistry, University of Zululand, zululand, kwazulu-Natal, South- Africa. Department of earth sciences, Olabisi Onabaanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria. department of applied chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. department of civil engineering, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria., 2024-04) Akintayo, F. O.; Oyebade, O. N.; Songca, S. P.; Adebisi, N. O.; Oluwafemi, O.S.; Fadipe, O. O.Activities in building construction industry contribute to air pollution. In this study, gas data from four locations at each three building construction sites in Doha, Qatar were collected and analyzed. Questionnaires were also administered to companies that are involved in building construction projects. The results showed traces of SO2, CO2, CO and NO2 but in amounts below the detrimental limit stipulated by the Ministry of Environment, Qatar. Questionnaire responses revealed that the extraction of raw materials and the energy consumed during construction occur quite often, but strongly implicated dust generated from construction sites and waste disposal, as major factors causing air pollution in the area. It is therefore, recommended that regular monitoring of air should be carried out within building construction sites to aid detection of air contamination. This will serve as a control measure to stimulate catalytic conversion of exhaust, reuse and recycling of waste materials.
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