scholarly works

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/566

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Start date: 2020End date: 2023

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    Design of Rigid Pavement for Oke- Omi Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022-09) Akintayo, F. O.; Osasona,D.T.
    Rigid pavements are often preferred to flexible types due to their higher durability and ease of maintenance also to reduce early road failure and increase its longevity. This study redesigned a deteriorated segment of Oke-Omi flexible road pavement as a rigid pavement. The pavement thickness was derived using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design method. A program using a spreadsheet was developed to facilitate the design process. The sieve analysis result showed that the soil was poorly graded. The soil has a low plasticity index of 28.1% (liquid limit 46.2%, plastic limit 18.1%); the Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content were 1999 g/cm3 and 10.8% respectively. The California Bearing Ratio of the soil was 48.43% which shows that the subgrade strength was adequate. The computed Estimated Single Axle Load (ESAL) for both the base year and the projected year are 6.74x106 and 100x106 single axle respectively. The design process yielded the pavement thickness of 240 mm and 380 mm for the base year (2017) and projected year (2037) respectively. A rigid pavement of adequate thickness was designed for the deteriorated segment of the Oke-Omi Road
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    Design of Rigid Pavement for Oke- Omi Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022-09) Akintayo, F. O.; Agboluaje, F.M.
    The Paper determined the capacity and level of operational performance of Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout traffic intersections in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. These Roundabouts were gridlock intersections, where roundabout was introduced to control traffic flow and reduce congestion. As traffic volume increases in Ibadan metropolis, the unsignalized road intersections having roundabouts as control measures also exhibit traffic congestion especially at peak periods. This study analyzed the traffic operation and evaluated the capacity for the two selected roundabouts. Geometric data of the roundabouts (entry width, circulatory road width, number of entry and circulatory lanes, and island diameter), traffic movement data with vehicle characteristics and traffic volume data in form of video recordings were collected for the two selected roundabouts at morning and evening peak periods. Empirical analysis technique was adopted to evaluate the capacity for each roundabout. Evaluated results showed that the degree of saturation (DOS) i.e. volume to capacity ratio of 0.78 and 2.49 at morning peak period had equivalent level of service (LOS) of ‘C’ and ‘F’ for Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout, respectively. Also, at evening peak period the degree of saturation of 0.84 and 0.75 gave a corresponding level of service of ‘D’ and ‘C’ for Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout, respectively. This study showed that the traffic carrying capacity at peak periods for Ojoo roundabout is operating at an acceptable condition both in the morning and evening peak periods. New Garage Roundabout is operating at near capacity at evening peak period, but operating above capacity at morning peak period, which shows that the present conditions are not adequate for controlling traffic operation.
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    Gender in Civil Engineering Education: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri,Rwanda
    (Department of Civil Engineering,University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Nyirajana, J.; Okunlola, O.
    Engineering and technology are basic in any country’s development. Addressing the gender gap in civil engineering education will help to narrow the gender pay gap, enhance women’s economic security and ensure a diverse and talented STEM workforce. This paper focuses on gender disparity in civil engineering education at Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri (INES), Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Data were sourced from the graduating records of the Departments of Civil Engineering, INES Ruhengeri, Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, covering a period of 5 years (2016 - 2021). Data were analyzed using excel tools. The Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, recorded a slight increase in the number of female graduating students from 5 in the 2015/16 session to 6 in the 2020/21 session, representing a 20% increment and a slight reduction in the number of male graduating students in the department from 37 in the 2016/17 session to 28 in the 2020/21 session representing a 32% reduction. At INES, Ruhengeri, the number of male graduating students in the Department of Civil Engineering increased from 46 in the 2016/17 session to 145 in 2020/21, showing a 215% increment, and the number of female students increased from 18 in 2016/17 to 23 in 2020/21 showing an increment of 28%. The overall percentage of females in civil engineering education is below 20% compared to over 80% of males in the two institutions. Although the number of male graduating students decreases as the year progresses, the increase in female graduating students is not significant. Hence the gender gap seems to remain with year progression. The study proposes an improvement in motivating female students by providing scholarships, including pedagogical motivation in science courses
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    Gender in Civil Engineering Education: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri,Rwanda.
    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Nyirajana, J.
    Engineering and technology are basic in any country’s development. Addressing the gender gap in civil engineering education will help to narrow the gender pay gap, enhance women’s economic security and ensure a diverse and talented STEM workforce. This paper focuses on gender disparity in civil engineering education at Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri (INES), Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Data were sourced from the graduating records of the Departments of Civil Engineering, INES Ruhengeri, Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, covering a period of 5 years (2016 - 2021). Data were analysed using excel tools. The Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, recorded a slight increase in the number of female graduating students from 5 in the 2015/16 session to 6 in the 2020/21 session, representing a 20% increment and a slight reduction in the number of male graduating students in the department from 37 in the 2016/17 session to 28 in the 2020/21 session representing a 32% reduction. At INES, Ruhengeri, the number of male graduating students in the Department of Civil Engineering increased from 46 in the 2016/17 session to 145 in 2020/21, showing a 215% increment, and the number of female students increased from 18 in 2016/17 to 23 in 2020/21 showing an increment of 28%. The overall percentage of females in civil engineering education is below 20% compared to over 80% of males in the two institutions. Although the number of male graduating students decreases as the year progresses, the increase in female graduating students is not significant. Hence the gender gap seems to remain with year progression. The study proposes an improvement in motivating female students by providing scholarships, including pedagogical motivation in science courses
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    Safety performance of selected bus stops in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Sonichukwu, A. A.
    Bus systems cannot be fully explored if issues such as safety of bus passengers on-board or at bus stops are not addressed. This study was aimed at assessing the safety of bus stops in Ibadan metropolis. Twenty bus stops were purposefully selected for this study from the five urban local government areas in Ibadan metropolis. A field survey involving interviews with 50 passengers and direct observations of hazardous acts was carried out at the bus stops. Casual factors of hazardous acts were noted as well. A score survey was conducted with 17 experts (civil engineers and transportation engineering researchers) where they were asked to rate how much each casual factor contributes to its corresponding hazardous act using a scale of 1–4 (1 being ‘not important at all’ and 4 being ‘very important’). Experts were also asked to make pairwise comparisons among hazardous acts and consistent responses were analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP). Results from the score survey and AHP were used to model the safety levels of the selected bus stops. With safety levels ranging from 2.38 to 4.83 (10 being the best and 0 being the worst), all bus stops fell short of an acceptable level of safety. Also, Interviews conducted revealed passengers’ dissatisfaction with their user-experience. Recommendations were therefore made based on the findings.
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    Seasonal variations in pm2g air pollutants and impact on preterm birth rate in Kampala: A Retrospective Cohort
    (Nigerian Society of Engineers Ibadan (Premier) Branch, 2020) Ajaelu, C. S.; William, w.; Akintayo, F.O.; Coker, A. O.
    There is a growing body of evidence linking air pollution to negative births outcomes, but few studies have explored the relationship of air pollution on negative births outcomes such as preterm birth in Africa. Identifying the association between PM2 5 and preterm births will be a good starting point for intervention and policy changes on air pollution reduction methods. The study aimed to determine the association between seasonal variation in PM25 and preterm births in Kampala Uganda. Retrospective cohort study was carried out by collecting birth outcomes data from District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) database, with the authority of Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). PM2.5 data were collected from US Embassy monitoring station from January 2018 to December 2019. Association between seasonal variation in PM2.5 and preterm births were found using STATA 13.0 version. This study showed a seasonal trend in PM2.5 level which was very high between the range of 56-72 ugym1 in the two dry seasons of the year 2018 and 2019. It was found lower in both wet seasons of the year 2018 and 2019 within the range of 40-52 pg/m3. The regression analysis showed that there is a strong association between each 10 unit increase in PM2.5 and preterm births in second dry season of 2018 and the first dry season of 2019 (p<0.000). The results of this study support with evidence the relationship between PM2.5 air pollutant and preterm births, especially in dry seasons
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    A preliminary evaluation of the impact of covid-19 on public transportation in Ibadan metropolis: a case study of Ibadan North local government
    (Nigerian Society of Engineers, 2020-09) Okunlola, O.; Akintayo, F.O.
    A number of measures have been put in place by different governments to combat the spread of Covid-19 virus. The virus has affected all forms of transportation. This paper is a preliminary study to evaluate the impact of Oyo State government lockdown measures on public transportation in Ibadan North Local Government Area between March and June 2020. Seven factors affecting public transportation as identified from literature include: availability of service, cost of service, comfortability safety /social distancing, parking difficulties and rate of accidents. Structured questionnaires were administered to purposively selected road users. The level of importance of each factor was determined and ranked by Relative Importance Index (RII). The study shows that there was a significant reduction in travel demand which in turn caused a significant increase in cost of transportation and waiting time for commuters.
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    Ameliorating urban traffic congestion for sustainable transportation
    (IOP Publishing, 2020) Busari, A. A.; Loto, R. T.; Ajayi, S. O.; Odunlami, O.; Akintayo, F. O.; Oyesomi, K.; Olawuyi, O.
    Population, ownership of vehicles and economic growth are increasing at a geometric rate. Invariably, this will lead to an increase in traffic volume and the demand for limited road infrastructures. These has generated a lot of constraint on the few available road infrastructures in most developed and developing nations of the world. One of the consequences of this, is traffic congestion. This arises when the road system approaches vehicle capacity. Although governments and policy makers may never be able to eliminate road congestion, there are several ways cities and states can move to curb it. Hence, this review of literature assessed the myriad effect of traffic congestion, with focus on the economic and environmental impact. Additionally, long- and short-term measures to reduce the menace in 2030 were evaluated. This was done by assessing the relevant literature on the topic. The outcome of the review revealed that increase in income and living standard favours the ownership of automobiles thereby increasing traffic congestion. Households that reside in areas with compact, mixed land use own fewer vehicles, make fewer vehicle trips, therefore mixed land use should be encouraged in urban development. Additionally, level of Service (LOS) is another factor that affects traffic congestion and traffic crashes. The outcome of this review will aid the government and policy makers on the appropriate tool to adopt and the draw backs in a bid to reduce this menace now and in the foreseeable future
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    Assessment of sidewalk system in the University of Ibadan
    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2023) Akintayo, F. O.; Agbaohwo, M. O.
    Good pedestrian facilities support the ease, comfort and safety of pedestrians. A good pedestrian sidewalk requires a good surface condition with appropriate footpath width and surface quality. This study assessed pavement condition of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. PCI evaluates the surface condition of sidewalks based on distresses observed. The PCI ratings vary from 0 to 100, representing the worst and best surface conditions, respectively. Based on the regular use of sidewalks for access, eighteen major roads were selected within the University of Ibadan. A distress assessment survey was conducted on the roads to collect data on defective sidewalk pavements and their distress conditions. The sidewalks were mainly of two types: plain concrete and concrete slab. Average sidewalk width for fourteen of the roads was less than 1.5 m stipulated in highway design manuals. Sixty percent of the sidewalks were in good condition with PCI values greater than 70. The recurring defects on the plain concrete sidewalk included linear, edge and map cracking. Depression of slab units was the most severe defect on the concrete slap sidewalk. The PCI analysis was used to assess the surface conditions of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan. The results can be used to design maintenance activities to keep the sidewalk system in optimal operational function. Having and updating inventory of the sidewalk system will promote regular routine maintenance and encourage safe use of the system
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    Assessment of sidewalk system in the University of Ibadan
    (University of Ibadan, 2023) Akintayo, F. O.; Agbaohwo, M. O.
    Good pedestrian facilities support the ease, comfort and safety of pedestrians. A good pedestrian sidewalk requires a good surface condition with appropriate footpath width and surface quality. This study assessed pavement condition of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. PCI evaluates the surface condition of sidewalks based on distresses observed. The PCI ratings vary from 0 to 100, representing the worst and best surface conditions, respectively. Based on the regular use of sidewalks for access, eighteen major roads were selected within the University of Ibadan. A distress assessment survey was conducted on the roads to collect data on defective sidewalk pavements and their distress conditions. The sidewalks were mainly of two types: plain concrete and concrete slab. Average sidewalk width for fourteen of the roads was less than 1.5 m stipulated in highway design manuals. Sixty percent of the sidewalks were in good condition with PCI values greater than 70. The recurring defects on the plain concrete sidewalk included linear, edge and map cracking. Depression of slab units was the most severe defect on the concrete slap sidewalk. The PCI analysis was used to assess the surface conditions of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan. The results can be used to design maintenance activities to keep the sidewalk system in optimal operational function. Having and updating inventory of the sidewalk system will promote regular routine maintenance and encourage safe use of the system