scholarly works
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Item Design of Rigid Pavement for Oke- Omi Road, Ibadan, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022-09) Akintayo, F. O.; Osasona,D.T.Rigid pavements are often preferred to flexible types due to their higher durability and ease of maintenance also to reduce early road failure and increase its longevity. This study redesigned a deteriorated segment of Oke-Omi flexible road pavement as a rigid pavement. The pavement thickness was derived using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design method. A program using a spreadsheet was developed to facilitate the design process. The sieve analysis result showed that the soil was poorly graded. The soil has a low plasticity index of 28.1% (liquid limit 46.2%, plastic limit 18.1%); the Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content were 1999 g/cm3 and 10.8% respectively. The California Bearing Ratio of the soil was 48.43% which shows that the subgrade strength was adequate. The computed Estimated Single Axle Load (ESAL) for both the base year and the projected year are 6.74x106 and 100x106 single axle respectively. The design process yielded the pavement thickness of 240 mm and 380 mm for the base year (2017) and projected year (2037) respectively. A rigid pavement of adequate thickness was designed for the deteriorated segment of the Oke-Omi RoadItem Design of Rigid Pavement for Oke- Omi Road, Ibadan, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022-09) Akintayo, F. O.; Agboluaje, F.M.The Paper determined the capacity and level of operational performance of Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout traffic intersections in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. These Roundabouts were gridlock intersections, where roundabout was introduced to control traffic flow and reduce congestion. As traffic volume increases in Ibadan metropolis, the unsignalized road intersections having roundabouts as control measures also exhibit traffic congestion especially at peak periods. This study analyzed the traffic operation and evaluated the capacity for the two selected roundabouts. Geometric data of the roundabouts (entry width, circulatory road width, number of entry and circulatory lanes, and island diameter), traffic movement data with vehicle characteristics and traffic volume data in form of video recordings were collected for the two selected roundabouts at morning and evening peak periods. Empirical analysis technique was adopted to evaluate the capacity for each roundabout. Evaluated results showed that the degree of saturation (DOS) i.e. volume to capacity ratio of 0.78 and 2.49 at morning peak period had equivalent level of service (LOS) of ‘C’ and ‘F’ for Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout, respectively. Also, at evening peak period the degree of saturation of 0.84 and 0.75 gave a corresponding level of service of ‘D’ and ‘C’ for Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout, respectively. This study showed that the traffic carrying capacity at peak periods for Ojoo roundabout is operating at an acceptable condition both in the morning and evening peak periods. New Garage Roundabout is operating at near capacity at evening peak period, but operating above capacity at morning peak period, which shows that the present conditions are not adequate for controlling traffic operation.Item Gender in Civil Engineering Education: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri,Rwanda(Department of Civil Engineering,University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Nyirajana, J.; Okunlola, O.Engineering and technology are basic in any country’s development. Addressing the gender gap in civil engineering education will help to narrow the gender pay gap, enhance women’s economic security and ensure a diverse and talented STEM workforce. This paper focuses on gender disparity in civil engineering education at Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri (INES), Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Data were sourced from the graduating records of the Departments of Civil Engineering, INES Ruhengeri, Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, covering a period of 5 years (2016 - 2021). Data were analyzed using excel tools. The Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, recorded a slight increase in the number of female graduating students from 5 in the 2015/16 session to 6 in the 2020/21 session, representing a 20% increment and a slight reduction in the number of male graduating students in the department from 37 in the 2016/17 session to 28 in the 2020/21 session representing a 32% reduction. At INES, Ruhengeri, the number of male graduating students in the Department of Civil Engineering increased from 46 in the 2016/17 session to 145 in 2020/21, showing a 215% increment, and the number of female students increased from 18 in 2016/17 to 23 in 2020/21 showing an increment of 28%. The overall percentage of females in civil engineering education is below 20% compared to over 80% of males in the two institutions. Although the number of male graduating students decreases as the year progresses, the increase in female graduating students is not significant. Hence the gender gap seems to remain with year progression. The study proposes an improvement in motivating female students by providing scholarships, including pedagogical motivation in science coursesItem Gender in Civil Engineering Education: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri,Rwanda.(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Nyirajana, J.Engineering and technology are basic in any country’s development. Addressing the gender gap in civil engineering education will help to narrow the gender pay gap, enhance women’s economic security and ensure a diverse and talented STEM workforce. This paper focuses on gender disparity in civil engineering education at Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri (INES), Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Data were sourced from the graduating records of the Departments of Civil Engineering, INES Ruhengeri, Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, covering a period of 5 years (2016 - 2021). Data were analysed using excel tools. The Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, recorded a slight increase in the number of female graduating students from 5 in the 2015/16 session to 6 in the 2020/21 session, representing a 20% increment and a slight reduction in the number of male graduating students in the department from 37 in the 2016/17 session to 28 in the 2020/21 session representing a 32% reduction. At INES, Ruhengeri, the number of male graduating students in the Department of Civil Engineering increased from 46 in the 2016/17 session to 145 in 2020/21, showing a 215% increment, and the number of female students increased from 18 in 2016/17 to 23 in 2020/21 showing an increment of 28%. The overall percentage of females in civil engineering education is below 20% compared to over 80% of males in the two institutions. Although the number of male graduating students decreases as the year progresses, the increase in female graduating students is not significant. Hence the gender gap seems to remain with year progression. The study proposes an improvement in motivating female students by providing scholarships, including pedagogical motivation in science coursesItem Safety performance of selected bus stops in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Sonichukwu, A. A.Bus systems cannot be fully explored if issues such as safety of bus passengers on-board or at bus stops are not addressed. This study was aimed at assessing the safety of bus stops in Ibadan metropolis. Twenty bus stops were purposefully selected for this study from the five urban local government areas in Ibadan metropolis. A field survey involving interviews with 50 passengers and direct observations of hazardous acts was carried out at the bus stops. Casual factors of hazardous acts were noted as well. A score survey was conducted with 17 experts (civil engineers and transportation engineering researchers) where they were asked to rate how much each casual factor contributes to its corresponding hazardous act using a scale of 1–4 (1 being ‘not important at all’ and 4 being ‘very important’). Experts were also asked to make pairwise comparisons among hazardous acts and consistent responses were analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP). Results from the score survey and AHP were used to model the safety levels of the selected bus stops. With safety levels ranging from 2.38 to 4.83 (10 being the best and 0 being the worst), all bus stops fell short of an acceptable level of safety. Also, Interviews conducted revealed passengers’ dissatisfaction with their user-experience. Recommendations were therefore made based on the findings.Item Traffic flow rate on Kigali roads: a case of national roads (RN1 and RN3)(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 0201-06) Nyirajana, J.; Akintayo, F. O.; |Coker, A. O.Traffic flow study plays a key important in various functionalities of cities all over the world. The study of traffic flow is also viewed as an essential facility of the country when it wants to establish traffic operations patterns in the progress of road planning. Blockages are accountable for a sequence of harmful effects such as loss of time, scheduling difficulties, carbon dioxide production, and risks of accidents as well as external expense. Besides, inadequate transportation facilities and increased traffic volume hamper urban development, especially in developing nations. The objective of the study was to assess the traffic flow state in two selected national roads of Kigali city. The traffic data were collected from 5 am to 8 pm on two National Roads (RN1 and RN3). The relationship between density and flow rate was analyzed using the fundamental diagram of traffic flow. It was found that the peak hours were from 6 am to 8 am and 5 pm to 8 pm. The highest number of vehicles counted were motorcycles due to shortcuts taken to reduce travel time. The results on RN3 revealed a proportion increase of traffic flow and density in the free-flow regime from 0 to maximum flow of 3346.6 veh/h correspondent to a critical density of 229.9 veh/km. However, in the congested zone regime, there was a decrease in traffic flow and an increase in density. It was found that the curve of flow versus density tended to increase on-road RN1. This study proposed the promotion of public transport and e-commerce as strategies to mitigate the congestion. Also, further research may be carried out on all roads of Kigali city, to provide the level of congestion useful for traffic deviation accordingly.Item Analysis and Design of Intersection for Improved Traffic flow at Awolowo Junction, Bodija Ibadan, Nigeria(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019-12) Adigun, T.; Okunlola, O.; Akintayo, F. O.Traffic Congestion is inevitable for residents of economically dynamic cites therefore city authorities have to devise means of managing congestion to ease commuters of constrains imposed upon them by traffic congestion. The need for improvement of traffic flow at Awolowo Junction Bodija Ibadan is germane due to traffic congestion at this intersection. The aim of this study is to improve traffic flow at Awolowo Junction Bodija Ibadan. Traffic survey was carried out at the intersection, the peak hour factor and the design hourly volume were determined then the saturation flow rate and the cycle length (using the concept of volume-to-capacity ratio) were determined following the steps outlined in the Highway Capacity Manual, thereafter the yellow interval and the green times were computed. The peak hour was between 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm with a flow of 2989 vehicles per hour and a factor of 0.94 with design hourly volume of 539, 1464 and 1177 vehicles per hour for North, West and East approach respectively. The data collected was checked against the traffic signal warrants of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Device and yielded positive result with warrant 3. The saturation flow rate was computed to be 2618, 4320 and 3913 vehicles per hour for the North, West and East approach respectively with a flow ratio of 0.21, 0.34 and 0.3 for North, West and East Approach respectively. A pre-timed traffic control signal was designed to improve traffic flow at Awolowo Intersection of UI/secretariat Road.Item Suitability of Nigeria Portland-limestone cement grades for building's concrete structural members in various exposure classes(Civil Engineering Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2015-07) Adewole, K. K.; Ajagbe, W. O.; Akintayo F.O.This work investigates the suitability of the Nigerian Portland-limestone cement grades 32.5 and 42.5 for the construction of building structural members in various exposure condition/classes. The investigation was conducted by comparing the 25MPa, 27MPa and 30MPa average cube compressive strengths and the 30MPa, 30Mpa and 31MPa average cube compressive strengths of 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2 concretes produced with Portland-limestone cement grades 32.5 and 42.5 respectively with the minimum durability concrete strength requirements for building structural members in Eurocode 2 exposure classes that are obtainable in Nigeria. Investigation revealed that Portland-limestone cement grades 32.5 is only suitable for the construction of superstructure members inside low humidity buildings (class XC1) and is not suitable for the construction of buried building foundations and external building superstructure members. Portland-limestone cement grade 42.5 is only suitable for the construction of superstructure members in exposure classes XC1 and XC2 (building superstructure members subject to long-term water contact) and building foundations buried in non-aggressive natural soils and groundwater. Both cement grades 32.5 and 42.5 are not suitable for the construction of building external superstructure members sheltered from/exposed to rain and subject to high humidity (class XC3) and/or cyclic wet and dry condition (class XC4). Both cement grades are also not suitable for the construction of building foundations buried in aggressive natural soils and groundwater (exposure classes XA1, XA2 and XA3) and building superstructure members in industrial and coastal areas with airborne, waterborne and/or seawater-borne chlorides (exposure classes XD1, XD2, XD3 and XS1).Item Design of a pre-timed traffic signal at the University of Ibadan main gate intersection(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2015-12) Akintayo, F. O.; Oluwatobi, O. L .The Traffic control at the University of Ibadan Main Gate intersection is presently controlled by traffic wardens. A pre-timed traffic control signal designed to upgrade the present control measure at the intersection is presented in this paper. Traffic survey was conducted in October 2014 to determine design parameters such as vehicular and Pedestrian volumes at peak hours, and the design was carried out following standard procedures outlined in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and Highway Capacity Manual. The result showed that Peak hour was between 7:00 and 8:00 a.m. with corresponding vehicle volume of 1604 and 550 for the North and South approaches of the intersection respectively. Approximately 24 pedestrians per second cross the intersection during the afternoon peak period. The total cycle length, actual green times for phases 1 and 2 were evaluated as 110, 68 and 34 seconds respectively. The minimum green time required by pedestrians to cross the North Approach was 33 seconds. The designed pre-timed signal is expected to improve the flow of vehicles and pedestrians at the intersectionItem Capacity Analysis of Two-lane Highways Operating under Non-ideal Conditions(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, 2015) Akintayo, F. O.; Agbede, O. A.The highway system is an important component of the transportation system in many countries of the world. Studies have shown that many factors contribute to capacity reduction of highways. Traffic steam characteristics of three highways in Ibadan metropolis were captured in 2011. Models were developed to quantify the prevailing conditions of the roads. The capacity analysis of the roads was carried out based on the methodologies described in the United States Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2000).The traffic stream was heterogeneous in nature. The analysis showed that the highways were operating under non-ideal conditions which resulted in capacity reduction and performance level. The resulting models are useful in evaluating capacity performance of two-lane highways for Improved optimization of the system