scholarly works
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Item Assessment of pollution effect of direct use of poultry faecal waste in fish ponds(2006) Ogedengbe, K; Ewemoje, T. A.The performance of some environmental parameters in fish pond of 1.5ha at the National Institute For Freshwater Fisheries Research (NlFER) in New Bussa, Kainji dam resulting from the direct utilization of fresh poultry faecal waste as fish food was assessed along with three other ponds; South West Pond One (SWP1) using wheat offal, dough, maggot plus some poultry waste as fish feed and South West Pond Two (SWP2) using 100% concentrate, wheat offal and dough as fish feed. A Natural Water Pond (NWP) containing some fishes was also used as control pond along with SWPI and SWP2 to assess the pond at NIFER labeled Northern Pond ( NP). Environmental parameters of water quality in fish pond that are considered important in the assessment study are Dissolved Oxygen (DO); PH Value; Turbidity; Temperature, and 5-day Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5). The temperature range is between 26-35C throughout the assessment work and this correspond with the optimum temperature for warm water fish growth. PH value of the study ponds fall within the excellent range. Also, turbidity in NP and SWP1 are very good thereby promoting effective ecosystem while SWP2 and NWP turbidity values are rather on the high side, hence photosynthesis is slightly affected. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) for the four ponds fall within 5-12 mg/l which is excellent for fish culture in ponds. BOD5 in the ponds is fairly high due to heavy manure loading with the exception of SWP2 which uses only concentrates as feed. NWP sources have the highest BODs value of 3.3 mg/l due to recharge from runoff water. From this assessment work it is evident that the direct utilization of poultry faecal waste as fish feed in fish ponds has great prospects if well monitored.Item Groundwater recharge estimation from modified soil moisture balance approach at the University Of Ibadan, lbadan, Nigeria.(2006) Ewemoje, T. A.; Oluwalogbon, D. O.Amount of water that may be extracted from an aquifer without depletion is primarily dependent on recharge. Thus, a quantitative evaluation of spatial and temporal groundwater recharge distribution is a pre-requisite for operating groundwater resource system in an optimal manner. A step-by step procedure of National Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) was used to estimate groundwater recharge based upon modified soil moisture balance approach at the University of Ibadan which covers about 1032 hectares of land. The methodology incorporates the theory of NRCS method of finding storage index. Water recharges were highest in sandy clay loam (59.0% Sand, 11.4% Silt, 29.6% Clay) between 113.1-122.5cm/hr, followed by sandy clay (58.1% sand, 8.9% silt, 33.0% clay) with values between 41.6- 55.3cm/hr and sandy clay (56.8% sand, 7.5% silt, 35.7% clay) between 38.4-47.9cm/hr. This methodology gives better estimates of groundwater recharge because it takes into consideration climatic data, land use pattern and soil properties of study location. However, conventional methods of precipitation minus evapotranspiration minus runoff, is subjective to measurement errors and the method of calculating groundwater recharge by multiplying a constant specific yield value by the water table rise over a certain time interval may also be erroneous, especially in shallow aquifers.Item The development and evaluation of a flat-type wooden incubator(School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT), Federal University of Technology, Akure, 1998) Ewemoje, T. A.; Olorunnisola, A. O."A flat-type, 60-egg capacity incubator was designed, constructed and tested. The incubator differs from existing designs in that the cabinet was made from a 3-ply, 4mm thick interior grade plywood to reduce cost and at the same time enhance heat insulation. Also, two domestic kerosene lanterns were provided to supplement heat generation by three 40 W electric bulbs during electricity outages as commonly experienced in Nigeria.When tested with 30 eggs of a commonly sold chicken breed, incubated at average temperature of 38° C and relatively humidity of 58%, the chicks were hatched within 20 days. Relatively high percentages of fertility and hatchability of 86.2% and 76% respectively, as well as a relatively low chick mortality rate of 18.5% were recorded. "Item Determination of discharge coefficient of rectangular side weirs(2001) Ogedengbe, K; Ewemoje, T. A.The characteristics of flow over side weirs are taken into consideration to verify the discharge coefficient for suberitical flow conditions under the assumption of constant- specific energy. The main channel discharge, length of weir crest and sill height of the weir are treated as controlled variables. The discharge coefficient Cd is found to depend on the upstream Froude No F1 and also on the ratio of sill height to upstream flow depth S/Y1. Simple linear regression analysis was conducted to establish the relationship of Cd with both F1 and S/Y1 taken separately while multiple regression analysis was conducted to establish the relationship of Cd with both F1 and S/Y1 taken together. Cd decreases with increase in F1 while Cd increases with increase in S/Y1 ratio when taken separately. When taken together, it was clearly evident that variation in Cd was largely due to S/Y1 ratio while the effect of F1 was relatively negligible.Item Design of a gravitational drip irrigation system(2005-02) Ewemoje, T. A.The design and cost analysis of gravitational drip irrigation system was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Technology University of Ibadan. This irrigation system was designed to suit farmlands not more than one hectare for small-scale farmers to irrigate vegetable crops. Before the design proper, preliminary studies were carried out and climatological data were collected, which was used to determine the rate of crop evapotranspiration used for the system's design i.e. 4.56mm/day for Ibadan climatic zone. The system has 100 laterals each of which is 50m long with each lateral having pressure-compensating emitters to distribute water and the mainline also 100m long. A model of the gravitational drip irrigation system was designed and tested. The test carried out on the model system shows that it can deliver 2.1-liter/hour of water with an operating head of 0.969m and the overall system's efficiency was found to be 94%. The efficiency of the system coupled with the installation and cost analysis shows that the system can be acquired and maintained by peasant farmers and still performs creditably well, when compared to the conventional drip irrigation system.Item Potentials and projections of freshwater resources in Sub-Saharan Africa; focus on Nigeria(2009) Ewemoje, T. A.This paper discusses the abundance of freshwater availability in Nigeria which is approximately 0.51 % of world freshwater resources. It further highlights the projected freshwater crises in Nigeria and Africa as a whole. Based on analyzed country data retrieved from International Organizations.Nigeria and in fact many developing countries in Sub Saharan Africa is presently termed water secure based on total Actual Renewable Water Resources, but projections into the nearest future (2025) classify Nigeria as water stress/scarce due to lack of economic, financial and skilled human resources to tap water for basic human needs, food production and maintenance of freshwater ecosystem. Causes of this projected impending danger were attributed to increase in freshwater quantity supply made available through unsustainable water resources development and inappropriate water management programmes.Item Variable irrigation scheduling effects on growth parameters of celosia Argentea in HumidTropical Environment(CIGR Publication, 2007) Ewemoje, T. A.This work experimentally determines crop water requirements as well as effects of varying irrigation schedules on growth parameters of Celosia Argentea. Irrigation treatments of refilling the soil back to 100%fc, 75%fc and 50%fc were applied to predominant three soil samples from different locations within the South Western part of Nigeria having the same sandy loam textural class. Irrigation application was based on daily maximum crop evapotranspiration. Leaf Area, Number of Leaves, Plant Height and Stem Girth were measured twice a week. Cumulative irrigation treatments of 100%fc. 75%fc, and 50%fc amounted to 749, 583, and 454mm depth of water at 6 weeks after planting (WAP) with a yield of 11.8, 8.9. and 8.6 Kg per 5m2 respectively. Statistical results of crop growth parameters and yields indicated that significant differences existed at P>0.05 when 50%fc treatment was compared to 75%fc and/or 100%fc treatments. Biomass yield (edible weight) showed significant differences across the three treatments and also falls within the recommended range of 8 - 14 Kg per 5m2 for optimal propagation of Celosia Argentea in West Africa. However, for biomass yield at 6WAP; treatment of 100%fc was significantly different from 75%fc and likewise, treatment of 75%fc was significantly different from 50%fc for the three soil samples. Results also indicated that bulk weight (edible weight plus root weight) appeared best under treatment at 100%fc when compared with the other two treatments. It was thus concluded that if irrigation scheduling is aimed at maximizing Celosia yields per unit of irrigated area, 100%fc treatment is recommended. But if scheduling is to maximize yield per depth of water applied, preference should be given to 75%fc treatment for propagation of Celosia Argentea.Item Performance evaluation of drip irrigation system using sweet corn under variable water application(2006) Ewemoje, T. A.; Lateef, S. A.; Afolayan, S. O.Gravitational drip irrigation system was developed using available materials. The system consisting of 4.0 1/hr Netafim pressure-compensating emitters was used to irrigate 0.0015 ha of land where sweet corn was planted under variable water applications in a randomised complete block design with three treatments. Treatment one (W1) received water once per week, treatment two (W2) received water twice per week, while third treatment (W3) received water thrice per week. W1 received 229mm per emitter; W2 received 437mm per emitter, while 653mm per emitter was applied to W3 throuqhout the experimentation period. Total biomass yield including bulk weight, stem weight, root weight and cob yield were determined using top loading digital weighing balance. Results obtained which were subjected to statistical analysis at 5% significant level show that there were significant differences in the crop growth, biomass and cob yield. Watering thrice per week resulted in the highest leaf area, plant height, root depth and weight. However, watering twice per week provided the highest fresh weight and cob yield. The trend in biomass yield showed that W2 performed better. Watering twice per week appeared optimum for cultivation of sweet corn during water scarce season in Ibadan, Nigeria.Item Optimum soil conditioning for Celosia Argentea propagation subjected to irrigation scheduling(2008) Ewemoje, T. A.; Majekodunmi, J. O.Celosia argentea was planted on Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Department experimental field. The field was divided into nine plots of three different soil nutrient conditions (organic, inorganic, and control), labelled A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, B3; C1, C2, C3, respectively Plant growth parameters were measured and analyzed weekly starting from the third Week After Planting (WAP) to the sixth WAP when the crop was harvested. Growth parameters included height, stern girth, leaf area, and number of leaves. Maximum crop evapotranspiration rate based on Penman Montieth evapotranspiration equation were obtained using a CROPWAT 4 Windows Version 4.3 Software and subsequently, the irrigation amount required per day was determined. Measured data were analyzed statistically using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) option of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), Version 7.03. The results are presented in tables while the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means based on their significant differences in order to determine the effects of variable water application rates and different nutrient conditions on growth parameters. It was concluded that Celosia argentea thrives better on soil with high content of organic matter, which retained more water than the inorganic soil nutrient condition and the control with no soil conditioning. Hence, under high economic pressure due to high poverty level in developing countries, application of organic fertilizer which is relatively cheaper than the inorganic chemical fertilizer can help maximize production with positive net returns and reduce environmental pollution from organic wastes produced mainly from agricultural industryItem On the adequacy of evapotranspiration estimate using Priestly-Taylor's approach(2006) Ewemoje, T. A.; Sangodoyin, A. Y.The measurement of potential evapotranspiration ET 0 using Priestly – Taylor (P-T) formula in humid tropical region was carried out at Shasha along Ojoo- Moniya road, Akinyele Local Government in the Ibadan Metropolitan Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The difficulty and limitations of obtaining weather and vegetation input data in most of the evapotranspiration (ET) empirical formula are overcame in the P-T equation that is based more on physical parameters than being purely empirical. ET 0 estimation of the study location was evaluated for two months using 1973 - 2002 daily climatological data obtained from a nearby weather station. The P-T method gave poor R2 values of 0.056 and 0.167 for July and August 2004. However, an adjusted P-T model values gave R2 values of 0.949 and 0.986 respectively. Validating the adjusted P- T model using year 2000 daily weather data of the study location for July and August gave R2 values of 0.905 and 0.915. The P-T; model efficiency in computing evapotranspiration was 62.3% for July and 49.2% for August. The findings indicate that the adjusted P-T model is a good method of ET0 estimation in the humid tropics where there is dearth of input data, and even when available, the data are usually expensive to obtain for research purposes.