scholarly works
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Item Farm structures and rural electrification palm kernel shells as coarse aggregates for light weight concrete(The Nigeiran Society of Engineers, 1999) Mijinyawa, Y.; Okedoku, O. W.The escalating cost of conventional building material has given rise to the need to source for alternative ones. In souring for such alternatives, the durability, availability and cost of the potential material should be considered. Palm kernel shell (PKS), a by-product in the process of palm kernel oil extraction found in abundance in southern and grossly underutilized was considered of potential as a coarse aggregate for light weight concrete. In order to confirm the assumed potential, it was considered necessary to determine the density and compressive strength of concrete cubes manufactured from PKS. Coarse aggregates made us of crushed granite and PKS mixed in varied proportions were used to cast 150mm x 150 mm concrete cubes of 1: 3: 6 mix batch by weight. The cubes were removed from moulds 24hr after casting and immersed in water for seven days to cure. The density and compressive strength of the cubes were then decreased. Expectedly, the density and crushing strength of cubes decreased with increase in the amount of PKS in the cubes but the density range of 1520 to 2234kg/m3 and strength values of 0.44 to 3. 89N/mm2 obtained were good enough for light weight concrete. PKS has great potential as a material for coarse aggregate in concrete work; the use of which could considerably reduce the construction cost of building and promote environmental sanitation.Item A survey of livestock structures in south western Nigeria(Research Communications, 1998) Mijinyawa, Y.A survey involving the use of structured questionnaires and personal communication was undertaken in South Western Nigeria to identify the livestock in the area, and their housing methods. Chicken, pigs, rabbits, goats, sheep and cattle were the major animals found while the housing structures include baskets, battery cages, deep litter houses, cages, hutches, pens, sheds and yards. In about half of the sites surveyed animals kept were not provided with housing, while in the other places where they were provided the structures were poorly equipped and overstretched to cope with the population of animals kept. Wood products are the predominant materials of construction accounting for as much as 50 to 70% of the total volume of materials used in the construction of some of these structures. Others are natural fibers, concrete, wire mesh and corrugated roofing sheets. Poor waste management, decay in wood members, and pitting and cracking of concrete were some of the flaws identified. Integrated designs to reduce the burden of waste collection and increase its effective utilization, use of durable timber species and preservative treatment to further improve the length of service, and the use of good quality concrete constituents and mixture are recommended.Item The development and evaluation of a flat-type wooden incubator(School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT), Federal University of Technology, Akure, 1998) Ewemoje, T. A.; Olorunnisola, A. O."A flat-type, 60-egg capacity incubator was designed, constructed and tested. The incubator differs from existing designs in that the cabinet was made from a 3-ply, 4mm thick interior grade plywood to reduce cost and at the same time enhance heat insulation. Also, two domestic kerosene lanterns were provided to supplement heat generation by three 40 W electric bulbs during electricity outages as commonly experienced in Nigeria.When tested with 30 eggs of a commonly sold chicken breed, incubated at average temperature of 38° C and relatively humidity of 58%, the chicks were hatched within 20 days. Relatively high percentages of fertility and hatchability of 86.2% and 76% respectively, as well as a relatively low chick mortality rate of 18.5% were recorded. "Item Wood products for grain silo construction in Nigeria(Research Communications, 1999) Mijinyawa, Y.Metal silos used for the storage of grains under warm humid climate experience the problem of moisture condensation on the roofs and walls, and its redistribution within the grain bulk results in the deterioration of the stored grains. This is occasioned by the high thermal conductivity of the material of construction which offers very little resistance to the flow of solar heat into the silo enclosure. Experimentation with various grades of rubber as material for silo construction proved unsuccessful while little success was recorded with the use of various forms of concrete construction as the incidence of moisture condensation was still noticed, Wood products are tested as materials for silo construction aimed at reducing the temperature fluctuations and moisture condensation within the silo. Results show that the material has the potential of significantly reducing the temperature fluctuations within the silo and eliminating moisture condensation on the silo walls when compared to metal type. The use of local materials of construction will reduce the cost of the silo, while the simple construction and maintenance technologies, and the possibility of small unit capacity renders it of advantage to the Nigerian small-scale farmers. Mass production to reduce cost to what can be accommodated by small scale farmers is recommended.Item The use of local building materials for the construction of farm structures in western Nigeria(The Nigerian Society of Engineers, 1997-09) Mijinyawa, Y.; Dahunsi, D.A Survey of the pattern of usage of building materials in the small - to - medium farms in Western Nigeria was undertaken. Wood was the commonest construction material in use, followed by earth products and natural fibers. Decay and weathering of natural fibers including timber; arid the erosion of earth products were the major problems experienced with their uses. Treatment of the natural products before use was found wanting. Adequate seasoning and preservative treatment of natural fibers’ and earth stabilization are recommended for durability. Cost is a vital consideration in the choice of construction materials for farm structures. The choice of local materials goes some way to reduce cost. Numerous improvements on performances of some local materials have been devised in the Research Institutes. There is a need for effective extension linkage between the research institutions and the farmers.Item Problems and prospects of metal silos for grain storage in Western Nigeria(The Nigerian Society of Engineers, 1997-06) Mijinyawa, Y.A survey involving the use of structured questionnaires and personal communication was carried out in Western Nigeria to ascertain the type and extent of use of silos for the storage of grains. Steel and Aluminium were found to be the predominant materials used for the construction of the silos. They are mainly used to store shelled corn and in a few instances, rice, cowpea and soybean. The prohibitive cost of silo acquisition limits their ownership and use to the Ministries of Agriculture, Co-operative Societies, agro-based industries, Teaching and Research Institutes and a few large scale private farms. Silos are not used by the small to medium scale farms. The withdrawal of the Ministries of Agriculture from direct grain production and the collapse of co-operative grain storage programmes have resulted in the abandonment of many silos. The metal silos experience the problem of moisture condensation on the roofs and walls which leads to the deterioration of stored grains through moulding, caking and rapid multiplication of insects. Losses of as much as 10% of total storage through these sources have been recorded for some silos. Adequate funding of current research efforts to develop local materials for grain silo construction is recommended.Item Classification and evaluation of crop storage structures in Western Nigeria(The Nigerian Society of Engineers, 1993-12) Mijinyawa, Y.A survey involving the use of questionnaires and personal communication during field trips was carried out in Western Nigeria with the aim of classifying and assessing the efficiency of the existing structures for the storage of crops. Barns; cribs; trenches; platforms; warehouses and silos are among the important Storage structures. The existing structures could be efficient with proper management but a major limitation of most of them is the low unit capacity which is inadequate to cope with the present volume of agricultural production. Research efforts should concentrate more on improving the existing structures rather than their replacement.Item The design, construction and testing of a wooden silo for grain storage(The Nigerian Society of Engineers, 1996-03) Lucas, E. B.; Mijinyawa, Y.A hexagonal, double-walled, wooden silo of sides 1.2m, height 1.8m and of 7m3 capacity was designed. The walls and floor were taken as stressed skin panels. These were fabricated using Mansonia altissima for the ribs, while exterior grade structural plywood was used as sheathing. The silo was subjected to nondestructive testing in accordance with the British Standard Code of Practice CP: 112 and joints separation, consolidation movement of the foundation and floor deflection were periodically measured over a period of two weeks during which the structure was under load. At the end of the test period there was no measurable consolidation movement and the joints remained intact while the floor deflection was within permissible limit of ∆ ≤ L/180. Further testing and evaluation including subjecting the silo to loading for longer duration and taking measurements of stresses induced on the silo components are to be undertaken.Item Comparative studies of temperature fluctuations within wooden and steel silos in Ibadan(The Nigerian Society of Engineers, 1997-12) Lucas, E. B.; Mijinyawa, Y.Temperature fluctuations and moisture condensation within the interiors of a steel and wooden silos were determined experimentally. The steel silo is of 1mm thickness while the wooden silo is a two-layered wall panel of 12mm and 6mm thick plywood separated by 50mm air-gap. Measurements taken during the hotter months of March and April in Ibadan showed that temperature fluctuations in the steel and wooden silos were 9°C and 7°C respectively. Corresponding maximum temperature in the silos were 38.5°C and 37.2°C. While the interior of the wooden silo remained dry, the steel silo had condensed moisture droplets lining its inner walls. Since moisture condensation in a silo contributes to grain spoilage by biological agents, wooden silos are rated superior in respect of reducing this adverse feature.