Theses & Dissertations

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    EFFECTS OF AEROBIC AND PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE EXERCISE TRAININGS ON GROSS MOTOR SKILLS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
    (2012) MOSES, M. O.
    Gross Motor Skills (GMSs) ability in children begins to emerge and mature during the preschool and elementary years. Lack of Aerobic Exercise (AE) and Progressive Resistance Exercise (PRE) may impede qualitative patterns of GMSs and expose pupils to unhealthy lifestyle in future. Studies are available on the utilisation of AE and PRE to improve physical-physiological profiles of secondary school students in Nigeria, but gross motor skills and physiological parameters of primary school pupils have not been addressed. The study, therefore, investigated the effects of AE and PRE trainings on the GMSs, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Heart Rate (HR), Percent Body Fat (%BF) and Body Mass Index (BMI) of primary school pupils in Ibadan, Nigeria. The pretest-posttest, control group experimental research design was adopted. Participants were 180 (93 from public and 87 from private schools) pupils purposively drawn from primaries 3, 4 and 5 of each of the two public and private primary schools used. Systematic random sampling technique was used to assign the participants into experimental groups (AE, PRE) and control group. Each of the experimental groups was exposed to a 12-week interval training programme. Pretest-posttest data were collected using Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) (r=0.91), height meter (r=0.99), weighing scale (r=0.96), Sphygmomanometer (r=0.97), Stethoscope (r=0.98) and Skin-fold Caliper (r=0.89). Three research questions were answered and six hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance, Scheffe post hoc test and t-test. Primary school pupils had normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate but were underfat, underweight and very poor in GMSs levels. There were significant effects of treatments on GMSs (F (3,176) = 257.75, p<0.05), SBP (F (3,176) = 6.86, p<0.05), heart rate (F (3,176) = 9.57, p<0.05) and BMI (F (3,176) = 6.375, p<0.05). However, there was no significant effect of treatments between the GMSs of public and private primary schools pupils as well as between the GMSs of boys and girls in primary schools. Scheffe post hoc test shows that there was a significant mean difference in GMSs among the three groups (PRE and AE, = 6.4; PRE and control, = 20.0). It further showed that the significant mean difference in SPB was between PRE and control ( = 8.0); HR was between AE and control ( = 8.7); BMI was between PRE and control ( = 1.27). AE and PRE enhanced GMSs, SBP, DBP, HR, %BF and BMI in primary school pupils in Nigeria. Therefore AE and PRE should be emphasised in the physical education programme of primary school pupils in order to improve qualitative GMSs, body fat and body weight.
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    EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN IBADAN NORTH-EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
    (2014) YANDA, A. E.
    Positive health and wellness across all ages have been associated with regular participation in aerobic activities. Studies have been carried out on aerobic exercise, but not much has been documented on the effect of this exercise on the cardiorespiratory functions of Nigerian children. Hence, this study investigates the effect of aerobic exercise on Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Resting Heart Rate (RHR), Resting Systolic Blood Pressure RSBP), Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure (RDBP) and Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2Max) among primary school pupils in Ibadan North East Area of Oyo State. Pretest-posttest control group experimental design was adopted. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 128 pupils from public and private schools in Ibadan. The participants were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group engaged in aerobic exercises such as brisk-walking, running on the spot, cycling in the air, rope-skipping, hopping and bench stepping activities while the control group did only flexibility exercises. The research instruments used were standard stadiometer, (r=0.99), weighing scale (r=0.99), computerised spirometer (r=0.99) and Mini Wright peak flow Meter (r=0.99). Three research questions were answered and six hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Mean, standard deviation, paired t-test and analysis of covariance were employed for data analysis. There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in FVC (F(4,123)=3.122; P<0.05) and VO2max (F(4,123)=4.740, P<0.05). There were significant differences between public and private schools with FVC (t=2.09; df=127; P<0.05), FEV1 (t=10.06, df=127; P<0.05), PEFR (t=12.7; df=127; P<0.05), SBP (t=12.93; df=127; P<0.05), and HR (t=2.60; df=127; P<0.05). Significant sex differences were recorded on FVC (t=2.36; df=63; P<0.05), PEFR (t=4.26; df=63; P<0.05), SBP (t=5.40; df=63; P<0.05), and DBP (t=3.8; df=63; P<0.05). Though, the results imply that children have more tendencies for cardiorespiratory adaptation and improvement, private school pupils have better responses to exercise training than their counterparts in public schools. Furthermore, it is also significant when the participants were exposed along gender basis (P<0.05) with FVC of female (t=2.36; df=63; p<0.05) ( =1.53) better than the males counterparts ( =0.93). This implies that the female participants had better respiratory adaptations than their male counterparts during aerobic training. Aerobic exercise training has positive effects on cardiorespiratory functions. Therefore, professionals and stakeholders should ensure that children are well conditioned during training and also increase their physical activity levels for regular participation in aerobic activities to enhance positive health and wellness that reflects these cardiorespiratory indices (FVC, FEV1�, PEFR, RHR, RSBP, RDBP& VO2max).