Theses & Dissertations

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Clarias gariepinus

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    NUTRIENT UTILISATION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FED DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED MUCUNA UTILIS MEALS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN-BASED DIET
    (2011) OLASUNKANMI, J. B.
    High cost of feed and competition between fish and other livestock's feed industries necessitate research into low cost, non-conventional feedstuffs for profitable fish farming. The feed potential of Mucuna utilis in this direction has not been documented. The feed potentials of Mucuna utilis and its effects on growth and biochemical parameters of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were therefore investigated. Proximate, mineral composition and level of L-DOPA (3, 4-dihydroxylphenyalanine) in Raw Mucuna Meal (RMM), Cooked Mucuna Meal (CMM) and Toasted Mucuna Meal (TMM) were determined. These were used to substitute soybean meal at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels in 40% crude protein isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 6.60 ± 1.09g) were randomly allotted to the 12 treatments in a 4 by 3 factorial experiment. The experiment was replicated thrice and the fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight. The feeding trial lasted for 84 days during which growth and nutrient utilization parameters such as Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), plasma glucose, plasma protein and albumin were determined. Also, histo-pathological evaluations of fish fed MSM supplemented diets were carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Crude protein (29.2%), fat (0.7%), fibre (9.6%), Potassium (1.4%), Phosphorus (0.1%) and Iron (132.1mg/kg) were highest in RMM while CMM had the least values. The level of L-DOPA was highest (6.9%) in RMM and lowest in TMM (5.2%). All the fish responded positively to experimental diets with increase in growth ranging from 12.69 ± 2.10g in 30% RMM to 18.48 ± 3.9g in 10% CMM. The MWG (20.98 ± 5.19g), SGR (11.9%), and FCR (2.81 ± 0.29) recorded in fish fed control diet (0% inclusion level) were higher but not significantly different from values obtained in fish fed diets 10% RMM and 10% TMM. Inclusion of Mucuna Seed Meal (MSM) in the diet beyond 20% in all treatments resulted in lower weight gain. Carcass protein increased in all except in fish fed 20% RMM. The PCV increased progressively from 27.0% in the control diet to 37.7% recorded in 30% inclusion level of CMM. Fish in 20% RMM had the highest WBC (8.20 X 103 ± 0.59mm3) value while the lowest value (1.01 X 103 ± 1.29mm3) was obtained in 20% inclusion level of TMM. There were no significant differences in the plasma glucose in all the treatments compared to the control value of 39.33 ± 9.24mg/l. Feeding MSM-based diets at 30% inclusion level in all the processed forms resulted in severe vacuolation of the hepatocytes of the liver and spongiosis of the white matter of the cerebellum of the brain. Mucuna seed meals have good potential as feed ingredient in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Substitution of Mucuna seed meal as a replacement for soybean meal beyond 20% may lead to serious nutritional and health hazards to the fish.
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    NUTRIENT UTILISATION AND GROWTH OF CATFISH (CLARIASGARIEPINUSBURCHELL)FED GRADED LEVELS OF DIFFERENTLYPROCESSED SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUSLINNAEUS) SEED MEAL
    (2014) ADESINA, S. A.
    Increasing cost of feedstuffs due to competition among fish and other livestock feed industries necessitated research into Low-Cost Unconventional Feedstuffs (LCUF) for profitable fish production. The potential of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed as a LCUF has not been fully documented. The nutritional potentials of sunflower seed meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were therefore investigated. Proximate and mineral composition of Boiled Sunflower Seed Meal (BSSM), Roasted Sunflower Seed Meal (RSSM), Mechanically Extracted Sunflower Seed Meal (MESSM) and Solvent Extracted Sunflower Seed Meal (SESSM) were determined using standard procedures. Nutrient digestibility of the meals was conducted in a feeding trial with C. gariepinus juveniles. The meals with best digestibility indices were each used for growth and nutrient utilisation studies. The BSSM and MESSM were each used to replace soybean meal at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% respectively in formulating isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isocaloric (4651.5Kcal/kg) diets representing six treatments per meal. Diets were fed twice daily at 5% body weight to C. gariepinus juveniles (mean weight 21.3 � 0.1g) for 105 days. Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC), Plasma Glucose, Plasma Protein and Albumin were determined using standard procedures. Histo-pathological evaluations of the experimental fish were carried out. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p = 0.05. Crude protein (45.3%) was highest in SESSM and lowest (32.0%) in BSSM. Crude lipid (21.6%) and ash (5.1%) were highest in BSSM. Crude fibre varied from 14.2% in BSSM to 23.9% in RSSM. Calcium (0.4 mg/g), phosphorus (1.7 mg/g) and iron (0.4 �g/g) were highest in BSSM. Tannin ranged from 0.2 �g/g in RSSM to 0.4 �g/g in both SESSM and MESSM. Oxalate varied from 0.1�g/g in BSSM to 0.2 �g/g in MESSM. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter (84.3%) and crude protein (85.9%) were highest in fish fed MESSM and least (82.0% and 80.7%) in fish fed RSSM respectively. Fish fed 20% BSSM-based diet had significantly higher MWG (52.5 � 2.5g), SGR (0.5%) and least FCR (0.6). Fish fed 20% MESSM inclusion had the highest PCV (38.0%) and RBC (10.2 � 0.1 x 1012/mL). Elevated WBC value (12.5 � x109/mL) was obtained in fish fed 80% MESSM. Fish fed 40% MESSM had the highest total plasma protein (4.2� 0.1 g/100mL) while a depressed level (2.3 � 0.0 g/100mL) was obtained at 100% BSSM inclusion. Albumin was highest (1.4 � 0.1 g/100mL) in fish fed 80% MESSM and least (0.9 � 0.1 g/100mL) at 100% BSSM inclusion. Fish fed BSSM and MESSM at inclusion levels above 20% had significant increase in plasma glucose level. Diffuse vacuolations and vacuolar degeneration of liver hepatocytes, as well as tubular epithelial degeneration of the kidney were observed for BSSM and MESSM inclusion levels above 20%. Substitution of 20% boiled sunflower seed meal for soybean meal in the diet enhanced optimal nutrient utilisation and growth in Clarias gariepinusjuveniles. Inclusion above this level caused nutritional and health hazards to the fish.