Centre for Sustainable Development
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Item Review and analysis of vulnerability to rainfall variability and policy responses to agricultural water supply in Nigeria(WFL Publisher Science and Technology, 2016-04) Olayide, O. E.; Tetteh, I. K.; Porter, J. R.; Popoola, L.This paper reviewed and analysed vulnerability to climate change-induced rainfall variability and policy responses to agricultural water supply in Nigeria. The review provides evidence for policy feedbacks as well as priority setting for the post-2015 sustainable development agenda. Nigeria’s vulnerability to climate change variability is due to a number of factors: its geographical characteristics, limited capacity to adapt, dependence on climate-sensitive resources, teeming population, and concentration of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) generating industries in locations that are highly vulnerable to climate change. The poverty level in the country could further worsen climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. The policy responses were identified and categorized either as climate change sensitive or climatic change specific.Item Trends and Policy Correlates of Agricultural Production and Agricultural Production Sustainability Outcomes in Ghana and Nigeria(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2015) Olayide, O. E.; Tetteh, I. K.; Popoola, L.This paper analysed policy correlates of agricultural production and agricultural production sustainability outcomes in Ghana and Nigeria. It underscores the influence of political systems and international development agendas as correlates of agricultural production and agricultural production sustainability outcomes. This is to the extent of providing evidence policy on agricultural production and agricultural production sustainability outcomes. Ghana and Nigeria have comparable farming/agricultural system and policy environment. Data used for the analyses spanned five decades. Trends analysis and inferential statistics were employed. The results revealed that policy correlates can contribute to the current discourse in sustainable development agenda and to resolving the dilemma of agricultural policy implementation for sustainable agricultural development, especially in Ghana and Nigeria. The findings reinforce the need for appropriate policies in transforming the agricultural sector while ensuring sustainable development outcomes.Item Differential impacts of rainfall and irrigation on agriculturalproduction in Nigeria: Any lessons for climate-smart agriculture?(elsevier, 2016) Olayide, O. E.; Tettehb, I. K.; Popoola, L.The rain-fed agriculture system is vulnerable to climate change impact. However, such impact may alsovary by aggregate and sub-sectoral levels of agricultural production. The impact of climate change andvariability on agricultural production would engender appropriate policies and practices towards a sus-tainable agricultural production system. We investigated the differential impacts of rainfall and irrigationon agricultural production in Nigeria, and drew lessons for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Nigeria.Using time series data that spanned 43 years and econometric analytical technique, we quantified thedifferential impacts of rainfall and irrigation on aggregate production and sub-sectors (all crops, staples,livestock, fisheries and forestry). Irrigation had positive and significant impact on aggregate agriculturalproduction as well as all sub-sectors of agriculture. These findings suggest the need for the minimizationof the impact of climate-induced production risks through CSA which would involve complementarydevelopment of more arable land areas under irrigation in Nigeria. Irrigation would also enhance com-plementary agricultural water management for the development of all the sub-sectors of agriculture,thereby enhancing food security and sustainable agricultural production under prevailing climate changeand variability.Item Adoption of Bambara groundnut production and its effects on farmers’ welfare in Northern Ghana(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2016-02) Adzawla, W.; Donkoh, S. A.; Nyarko, G.; O'Reilly, P. J.; Olayide, O. E.; Mayes, S.; Feldman, A.; Azman, H. R.With the growing concerns about the likely implications of climate change, the long term sustainability of conventional agricultural approaches and biodiversity loss have contributed to a growing interest in the potential of the so-called underutilised crops to address food, nutritional, and income security challenges. In support of their wider use, advocates of underutilised crops associate a number of benefits with them. These include agronomic and nutritional benefits such as drought tolerance and micro-nutrient content and the perceived socio-economic benefits of their wider use. It is widely suggested that the adoption of such crops can generate improved agricultural resilience and support nutrition, food and income security. Simultaneously, the adoption of underutilised crops is seen as a means of conserving biodiversity. However, scientific evidence concerning the use of such crops remains extremely limited. Crucially, little research has been undertaken concerning the contribution of such crops to the welfare of producers. This study investigates the socio-economic factors characterising the production of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterrana (L.) Verdc.) in Northern Ghana and the impact of its production on farmers’ welfare. Primary data was collected based on the 2013 farming season, 240 farmers were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A treatment effect model, comprising an adoption and a welfare model was estimated. The probability of adopting Bambara groundnut was found to be greater for: unmarried farmers; farmers in larger households; farmers with little or no formal education; and farmers who had no access to credit. The production of Bambara groundnut led to increased household welfare, as measured by the level of household per capita expenditure/consumption. Results suggest that while further research and support for Bambara groundnut production could contribute to addressing high poverty levels in the region, many of the basic assumptions underlying current advocacy of underutilised crops need rigorous empirical verification.Item TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN GHANA(2015-12) Adzawla, W.; Nyarko, G.; O'Reilly, P.; Olayide, O.E.; Awai, P.E.; Donkoh, S.A.Achieving food security under climate change is one of the greatest concerns of governments in developing countries. Due to favourable agronomic characteristics such as drought tolerance and an ability to produce a crop on less fertile soils, a number of under-utilised crops, such as bambara groundnut offer potentials to address food insecurity problems in areas impacted by climate change. While efficiency studies have gained popularity in relation to many food crops, very little research has been carried out on the technical efficiency of bambara groundnut production. This study estimated a Translog stochastic frontier to determine the factors that influenced farmers’ technical efficiency in the 2013 cropping season in Northern Ghana. It involved 120 farmers selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Technical efficiency scores ranged from 27% to 97% with a mean of 83%. The significant positive determinants of output and efficiency were farm size, household labour, organic fertilisers as well as education and off-farm activities. The study found that bambara groundnut production can be stepped up by supporting farmers to scale up their farms, form farmer groups, diversify their livelihoods and improve the use of organic fertilizers. Improving opportunities for formal education may also have a positive impact.