Pediatrics
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Item HIV Viremia Is associated With APOL1 Variants and Reduced JC-Viruria(Frontiers Media SA, 2021) Kruzel-Davila, E.; Sankofi, B. M.; Amos-Abanyie, E. K.; Ghansah, A.; Nyarko, A.; Agyemang, S.; Awandare, G. A.; Szwarcwort-Cohen, M.; Reiner-Benaim, A.; Hijazi, B.; Ulasi, I.; Raji, Y. R.; Boima, V.; Osafo, C.; Adabayeri, V. M.; Matekole, M.; Olanrewaju, T. O.; Ajayi, S.; Mamven, M.; Antwi, S. |; Ademola, A. D.; Plange-Rhule, J.; Arogundade, F. A.; Akyaw, P. A.; Winkler, C. A.; Salako, B. L.; Ojo, A.; Skorecki, K.; Adu, D.Variants in the Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene (G1-rs60910145, rs73885319, G2-rs71785313) are common in Africans and in individuals of recent African ancestry and are associated with an increased risk of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in particular of HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN). In light of the significantly increased risk of HIVAN in carriers of two APOL1 risk alleles, a role in HIV infectivity has been postulated in the mechanism of APOL1 associated kidney disease. Herein, we aim to explore the association between HIV viremia and APOL1 genotype. In addition, we investigated interaction between BK and JC viruria, CKD and HIV viremia. A total of 199 persons living with HIV/AIDS (comprising 82 CKD cases and 117 controls) from among the participants in the ongoing Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Kidney Disease Research Network case control study have been recruited. The two APOL1 renal risk alleles (RRA) genotypes were associated with a higher risk of CKD (OR 12.6, 95% CI 3.89–40.8, p < 0.0001). Even a single APOL1 RRA was associated with CKD risk (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.49–13.15, p = 0.007). The 2 APOL1 RRA genotypes were associated with an increased probability of having HIV viremia (OR 2.37 95% CI 1.0–5.63, p = 0.05). HIV viremia was associated with increased CKD risk (OR 7.45, 95% CI 1.66–33.35, P = 0.009) and with a significant reduction of JC virus urine shedding (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.98, p = 0.046). In contrast to prior studies, JC viruria was not associated with CKD but was restricted in patients with HIV viremia, regardless of CKD status. These findings suggest a role of APOL1 variants in HIV infectivity and emphasize that JC viruria can serve as biomarker for innate immune system activation.Item Association between Perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and renal function in children with CKD enrolled in H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Network(Elsevier Inc., 2019) Sood, S.; Ojo, A. O.; Adu, D.; Kannan, K.; Ghassabian, A.; Koshy, T.; Vento, S. M.; Pehrson, L. J.; Gilbert, J. F.; Arogundade, F. A.; Ademola, A. D.; Salako, B. O.; Raji, Y.; Osafo, C.; Antwi, S.; Trachtman, H.; Trasande, L.Item Genomic approaches to the burden of kidney disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) kidney disease research network(International Society of Nephrology., 2016) Osafo, C.; Raji, Y. R.; Olanrewaju, T.; Mamven, M.; Arogundade, F.; Ajayi, S.; Ulasi, I.; Salako, B.; Plange-Rhule, J.; Mengistu, Y.; Mc’Ligeyo, S. O.; Moturi, G.; Winkler, C. A.; Moxey-Mims, M. M.; Rasooly, R. S.; Kimmel, P.; Adu, D.; Ojo, A.; Parekh, R. S.; Ademola, A. D.Item Human heredity and Health (H3) in Africa kidney disease research network: a focus on methods in Sub-Saharan Africa(American Society of Nephrology, 2015) Osafo, C.; Raji, Y. R.; Burke, D.; Bamidele, O. T.; Tiffin,N.; Moxey-Mims, M. M.; Rasooly, R. S.; Kimmel, P. L.; Ojo, A.; Adu, D.; Parekh, R. S.; Ademola, A. D.CKD affects an estimated 14% of adults in sub-Saharan Africa, but very little research has been done on the cause, progression, and prevention of CKD there. As part of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Consortium, the H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Network was established to study prevalent forms of kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa and increase the capacity for genetics and genomics research. The study is performing comprehensive phenotypic characterization and analyzing environmental and genetic factors from nine clinical centers in four African countries (Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Kenya) over a 5-year period. Approximately 4000 participants with specified kidney disease diagnoses and 4000 control participants will be enrolled in the four African countries. In addition, approximately 50 families with hereditary glomerular disease will be enrolled. The study includes both pediatric and adult participants age <1 to 74 years across a broad spectrum of kidney diseases secondary to hypertension-attributed nephropathy, diabetes, HIV infection, sickle cell disease, biopsy-proven glomerular disease, and CKD of unknown origin. Clinical and demographic data with biospecimens are collected to assess clinical, biochemical, and genetic markers of kidney disease. As of March 2015, a total of 3499 patients and controls have been recruited and 1897 had complete entry data for analysis. Slightly more than half (50.2%) of the cohort is female. Initial quality control of clinical data collection and of biosample and DNA analysis is satisfactory, demonstrating that a clinical research infrastructure can be successfully established in Africa. This study will provide clinical, biochemical, and genotypic data that will greatly increase the understanding of CKD in sub-Saharan Africa.