Medical Microbiology & Parasitology

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Author: search.filters.author.Fasola, F. A.Start date: 2020

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    Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: implications for blood safety
    (AOSIS, 2022-09) Fasola, F. A.; Fowotade, A. A.|; Faneye, A. O.; Adeleke, A.
    Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors – family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative. Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors. Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests. Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion.
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    Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: implications for blood safety
    (AOSIS, 2022-09) Fasola, F. A.; Fowotade, A. A.; Faneye, A. O.; Adeleke, A.
    Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors – family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative. Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors. Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests. Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion.
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    Comparative analysis of rapid test and Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay for screening of blood donors for Hepatitis B surface Antigen seropositivity
    (West African College of Physicians and West African College of Surgeons, 2021) Adeleke, A. S.; Fasola, F. A.; Fowotade, A.
    BACKGROUND: The Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) is the most utilized indicator marker of hepatitis B infection. This study assesses the accuracy of the two most common screening assays used to detect HBsAg among blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 350 eligible blood donors were screened for HBsAg using both Bio-Check HBsAg Rapid screening kit (BioCheck Inc, South San Francisco, USA) and a fourth-generation Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays (ELISA) kit, MonolisaTM HBs Ag Ultra (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Marnes-la-Coquette-France). Questionnaires were used to inquire about risk factors for HBV infection among blood donors. The calculation of sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive and positive predictive values were carried out by comparing the performance of the rapid kit with ELISA test as the reference standard. RESULTS: The prevalence of HBV infection using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was 5.7% but was 14.6% by ELISA. Using ELISA as a reference, the sensitivity and specificity of RDT were 31.4% and 98.7% respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value for RDT were 80.0% and 89.4% respectively. Overall non-compliance with transfusion-transmitted infection (TIT) risk-related deferral criteria was 38%. CONCLUSION: The low sensitivity of RDT kits precludes its continuous use in high HBV endemic regions where many donors fail to disclose full and truthful information about their risk for TTI. It is suggested that blood banks should complement the use of RDT with a more sensitive assay such as ELISA.