Zoology

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Antioxidant

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    "An in vivo assessment of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in Echis ocellatus-venom induced cardiotoxicity"
    (Elsevier, 2022) Ajisebiola, B.S.; Fawole, A.B.; Adeyi, O.E.; Adeyi, A.O.
    Echis ocellatus is one of the many viper species that accounts for severe pathophysiological alterations in tissues of organs after envenoming. However, limited information regarding the potential cardiac toxicity due to viper envenoming is available. This current study investigated cardiotoxicity associated with E. ocellatus envenoming in rat model. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 140 and 180 g were divided randomly into two groups (n = 10). Rats in group 1 (control) were injected with saline while rats in group 2 were envenomed intraperitoneally with 0.055 mg/kg−1 (LD6.25) of E. ocellatus venom. The rats were envenomed on day 1 with a repeated dose administered on day 15, afterwards the animals were monitored till day 30. The venom caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in body and heart weights including the heart index of envenomed rats compared to the control. Levels of malondialdehyde significantly (P<0.05) increased with decrease in glutathione concentration and catalase activity in heart tissues of envenomed rats. E. ocellatus venom elevated proinflammatory cytokines response as levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin1‐beta significantly (P < 0.05) increased in cardiac tissues of the envenomed rats compared to control. The venom induced severe morphological defects in the heart tissues of envenomed rats indicating that E. ocellatus venom could actuate cardiotoxicity post envenoming.
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    Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract abrogates metabolic syndrome in rats: In vivo evaluation of hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive and antioxidant properties
    (Elsevier, 2021) Adeyi, A.O.; Awosanya, S.A.; Adeyi, O.E.; James. A.S.; Adenipekun, C.O.
    BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity remains a global menace. Ganoderma lucidum possesses various beneficial bioactivities. This study, thus, evaluated the efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract (GLEE) against MetS complications in rats. METHODOLOGY: Thirty male rats were randomized into six groups (n =5): Control, MetS control, MetS +standard drugs, MetS +GLEE (26 mg/kg), MetS +GLEE (44 mg/kg), and MetS +GLEE (70 mg/kg). Bodyweight, blood sugar, and pressure were monitored. Animals were sacrificed following two weeks of GLEE treatment post-MetS induction. Blood, pancreas, heart, liver, and kidney were collected for biochemical and histopathological ana-lyses. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), plasma and lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) cholesterol (CHOL) levels, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, were estimated in the pancreas, heart, liver, and kidneys. RESULTS: GLEE Phyto-analysis revealed terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. A dose-dependent total antioxidant capacity and, a near dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging, and ferric ion reducing ability were exhibited by GLEE in vitro. GLEE (70 mg/kg) reversed significantly (p <0.05) the MetS-induced hyperglycemia and hypertension. Furthermore, increments in plasma TAG, CHOL, LDL, and MDA levels reduced dose- dependently. Increased CAT (pancreas and heart) and SOD (the four organs) activities and, NRF2 protein levels significantly reduced in GLEE-treated group relative to MetS control. Histological evidence suggests that GLEE abated the MetS- induced cytomorphological derangements in the organs. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that GLEE may be a viable regimen against MetS and its attendant complications.
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    "Launaea taraxacifolia leaf partitions ameliorate alloxan-induced pathophysiological complications via antioxidant mechanisms in diabetic rats"
    (Elsevier, 2020) Gbadamosi, I.T.; Adeyi, A.O.; Oyekanmi, O.O.; Somade, O.T.
    Launaea taraxacifolia (Wild.) Amin ex. Jeffery belongs to family Asteracaea. The plant is used for treatment of diseases and eaten as vegetable in Nigeria. This study investigated the ameliorative potentials of L. taraxacifolia leaf partitions in alloxan induced diabetic complications. Male Albino rats were divided into eleven groups of five rats each. Diabetes was induced following intraperitoneal administration of 150 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate and was treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg of each partitioned fractions. Hyperglycemia was reversed in all treated rats within seven days of treatments. Rats treated with the partitions showed significant increase in hematological parameters compared with diabetic control. Nhexane fraction had the best overall effect against oxidative stress particularly on heart and pancreas reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and kidney glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. The various degrees of degeneration observed in the kidney, liver, pancreas and heart of the untreated diabetic rats were milder in rats treated with partitions. The results therefore revealed the ameliorative potentials of the partitioned fractions of L. taraxacifolia leaf extract against diabetes mellitus complications via activation of the antioxidant enzymes.