Zoology
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Item Kaempferol alleviates neurodegenerative disorders induced by Naja nigricollis venom via mechanisms of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, dopaminergic and neuronal functions(Elsevier, 2024) Ajisebiola, B.S.; Mustapha, A-R.K.; Oyedara, O.O.; Oladele, J.O.; Adeyi, A.O."Naja nigricollis venom (NnV) contains neurotoxins that influence neurological functions. Kaempferol is a bioactive compound present in edible plants with numerous pharmacological activities. This study investigated the ameliorative potential of kaempferol against NnV-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n =10). Group 1 rats were the control while 1.0 mg/kg1 (LD50) of NnV was injected intraperitoneally into rats in groups 2–5 to observed neurotoxicity. Group 2 was untreated post en- venomation, while groups 3–5 were treated with polyvalent antivenom, 4 and 8 mg/kg of kaempferol, respec- tively. The biochemical analysis, neurotoxicity, and pathomorphological defects were assessed in the brain of the envenomed treated rats. Envenomation with NnV elevated oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, and induced neurotoxicity accompanied with neurobehavioral deficits, and severe pathohistological defects were seen in the brain of untreated envenomed rats. However, treatment with kaempferol significantly (p <0.05) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and upregulated levels of reduce glutathione (GSH) antioxidant including su- peroxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant enzymes, while inflammatory bio- markers; nitric oxide (NO) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity significantly decreased in envenomed treated groups. Kaempferol upregulated dopamine concentration with significant suppression of acetylcholin- esterase (AchE) activity, and restored neurobehavioral and locomotor activities in envenomed treated rats. Also, severe pathomorphological alterations observed in the cortex of the brain were attenuated after kaempferol treatment. The underlaying ameliorative mechanisms of kaempferol are linked to its antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-inflammatory activity, acetylcholinesterase suppression, and alleviation of dopa- mine system and neurobehavioral abilities."Item Syringic acid demonstrates better anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects than ascorbic acid via maintenance of the endogenous antioxidants and downregulation of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic markers in DMN-induced hepatotoxicity in rats(Elsevier, 2023) Adeyi, O.E.; Somade, O.T.; Ajayi, B.O.; James, A.S.; Adeyi, A.O.; Olayemi, Z.M.; Tella, N.B.Dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) is a known hepatotoxin, carcinogen, and mutagen. This study is therefore carried out to investigate the therapeutic effects of syringic acid (SYRA) and ascorbic acid (ASCA) in DMN-induced hepatic injury in rats. Following DMN administrations, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased. Also significantly increased were levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Following treatment with SYRA and ASCA, the activities of ALT, AST, GPx, CAT and SOD, as well as MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NFkB levels were significantly reduced. Overall, both treatments were effective, but SYRA had a better therapeutic effect than ASCA. Therefore, this promising potential of SYRA can be taken advantage of in the treatment of DMN-induced hepatic injury.Item "An in vivo assessment of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in Echis ocellatus-venom induced cardiotoxicity"(Elsevier, 2022) Ajisebiola, B.S.; Fawole, A.B.; Adeyi, O.E.; Adeyi, A.O.Echis ocellatus is one of the many viper species that accounts for severe pathophysiological alterations in tissues of organs after envenoming. However, limited information regarding the potential cardiac toxicity due to viper envenoming is available. This current study investigated cardiotoxicity associated with E. ocellatus envenoming in rat model. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 140 and 180 g were divided randomly into two groups (n = 10). Rats in group 1 (control) were injected with saline while rats in group 2 were envenomed intraperitoneally with 0.055 mg/kg−1 (LD6.25) of E. ocellatus venom. The rats were envenomed on day 1 with a repeated dose administered on day 15, afterwards the animals were monitored till day 30. The venom caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in body and heart weights including the heart index of envenomed rats compared to the control. Levels of malondialdehyde significantly (P<0.05) increased with decrease in glutathione concentration and catalase activity in heart tissues of envenomed rats. E. ocellatus venom elevated proinflammatory cytokines response as levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin1‐beta significantly (P < 0.05) increased in cardiac tissues of the envenomed rats compared to control. The venom induced severe morphological defects in the heart tissues of envenomed rats indicating that E. ocellatus venom could actuate cardiotoxicity post envenoming.Item Moringa oleifera leaf fractions attenuated Naje haje venom-induced cellular dysfunctions via modulation of Nrf2 and inflammatory signalling pathways in rats(Elsevier, 2020) Adeyi, A.O.; Ajisebiola, B.S.; Adeyi, O.E.; Adekunle, O.; Akande, O.B.; James, A.S.; Ajayi, B.O.; Yusuf, P.O.; Idowu, B.A."Naja haje envenoming could activate multiple pathways linked to haematotoxic, neurological, and antioxidant systems dysfunctions. Moringa oleifera has been used in the management of different snake venom-induced toxicities, but there is no scientific information on its antivenom effects against Naja haje. This study thus, investigated the antivenom activities of different extract partitions of M. oleifera leaves against N. haje enve- noming. Forty five male rats were divided into nine groups (n =5). Groups 2 to 9 were envenomed with 0.025 mg/kg (LD50) of N. haje venom while group 1 was given saline. Group 2 was left untreated, while group 3 was treated with polyvalent antivenom, groups 4, 6 and 8 were treated with 300 mg/kg1 of N-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol partitions of M. oleifera, respectively. Groups 5, 7 and 9 were also treated with 600 mgkg1of the partitions, respectively. Ethanol extract and ethyl acetate partition of M. oleifera significantly improved hae- matological indices following acute anaemia induced by the venom. Likewise, haemorrhagic, haemolytic and anti-coagulant activities of N. haje venom were best inhibited by ethanol partition. Envenoming significantly down-regulated Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with the consequent elevation of antioxidant enzymes activities in the serum and brain. Treatment with extract partitions however, elevated Nrf2 levels while normalising antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, there were reduction in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and interleukin-1β) in tissues of treated envenomed rats. This study concludes that ethanol partition of M. oleifera was most effective against N. haje venom and could be considered as a potential source for antivenom metabolites."