Community Medicine
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Item Willingness of tobacco retailers in Oyo State to participate in tobacco control programmes(E.U. European Publishing, 2018) Uchendu, O.; Adebiyi, A. O.; Adeyera, O.INTRODUCTION Tobacco control strategies have not incorporated retailers, despite being the focus by the tobacco industry to promote its products. Few studies exist on their possible roles in tobacco control. This study, therefore, assessed retailer awareness of tobacco control laws and willingness to be involved in control activities. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out on all 218 tobacco retailers in Ibarapa Central and Ibarapa East Local Government Areas of Oyo State. The willingness of tobacco retailers to participate in tobacco-use control was evaluated using a questionnaire. RESULTS The majority of the respondents were females (95%), and 30-39 years old with respect to age. Almost two-thirds (65%) of the respondents reported the sale of tobacco as a profitable business, and a third reported that their income would decrease if they stopped tobacco sales. Up to 35% of retailers were aware of laws restricting smoking in public places and 45% aware of a ban on the sale of tobacco products to minors. Retailers were willing to: support anti-tobacco legislations (84%), counsel smokers to quit smoking (84%), and display anti-tobacco messages in their shops (77%). CONCLUSIONS The sale of tobacco products is a profitable venture for retailers. Willingness to participate in tobacco control was high among the retailers. There is a need to raise awareness and co-opt tobacco retailers as change agents in tobacco control efforts.Item Urinary schistosomiasis among vulnerable children in a rehabilitation home in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria(BioMed Central Ltd, 2017) Uchendu, O.; Oladoyin, V.; Idowu, M.; Adeyera, O.; Olabisi, O.; Oluwatosin, O.; Leigh, G.Background: Schistosomiasis is a disease of public health importance with long term complications mostly common among children, rural dwellers, poor and migrant workers. Studies have not documented the burden among migrant workers and their families. The study aimed to describe the burden of schistosomiasis and demographic characteristics among children of migrant workers residing in a rehabilitation home in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study using sixty six children, who were tested following complaints of haematuria by six of them. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic and environmental characteristics of the children and urine microscopy, was conducted. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: Mean age of respondents was 11.8 ± 4.0 years and 57.6% were males. The prevalence of schistosomiasis was 19.7% with preponderance among males (64.3%) and children aged 12 years and above (71.4%); 85.7% of infected children were from Kwara State; 78.6% waded in water body and 92.9% had red blood cells and pus cells on urine microscopy. Conclusions: The burden of schistosomiasis is high among children of migrant workers and they serve as reservoirs for transmission of the disease. Government needs to work synergistically with NGOs, FBOs and other partners to achieve schistosomiasis prevention and control among this particular group.Item Gender and HIV testing service uptake: trend in Northern Nigeria(OMICS Publishing Group, 2016) Anthony, O. K.; Towolawi, A.; Oluwasina, F.; Onu, E. A.; Uchendu, O.; Nwakanma, I.; Ogbang, D.HIV counseling and testing remains a fundamental entry point of care in limiting transmission of HIV/AIDS. Community outreaches serves the dual function of improving access to service and outcome of care through early linkages and subsequent initiation of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). Gender and socio-cultural factors affects uptake of screening services and ultimately early treatment. This study therefore assessed gender-related HIV counseling and testing uptake and linkage to care among those who were tested. A review of data from 423 community outreaches conducted between August 2012 to July 2015 by AHF Nigeria in which information on socio-demographic characteristics, HIV counseling and testing and time to accessing care was obtained. Means and proportions were used to document the results. With a monthly Mean of 2650 [male 68.8% female 38%] clients counselled, tested and received results, 2.6% (SD 0.7) were positive; male 33.5% (SD 10) female 60.8% (SD 9). An average of 64% of positive clients were linked to care; male 40% (SD 10) female 60% (SD 10). Male predominance in testing uptake with more female positive results and early linkage to care forms a persisting trend. HIV testing activities aimed at increasing female participation by addressing social and cultural barriers limiting their participation through advocacy and community dialogue approaches would increase case detection and early linkages to care and help reduce gaps in prevention and treatment in HIV.Item Evaluation of the effectiveness of computed tomography in the diagnosis of orbital tumours in ibadan, southwest Nigeria(West african College of Surgeons, 2013) Akinmoladun, J. A.; Adeyinka, A. O.; Uchendu, O.; Akinmoladun, V. I.Background: The orbit is a bony cavity within the skull that is composed of many structures which may undergo neoplastic transformation. Failure to diagnose the tumour and determine its extent may lead to high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of orbital tumours in our centre. Materials and methods: Computed Tomography images acquired from a multi-sliced CT machine, tissue diagnoses obtained from histopathology reports and patients' clinical records were reviewed. The data were analyzed and presented using frequency tables, percentages and charts as appropriate. Results: Sixty six patients made up of 34 (51.6%) males and 32 (48.4%) females were studied. The ages ranged between 1 and 80 years with a mean of 35 years. Majority (50%) of the patients were in their 4th – 6th decades of life. While secondary orbital tumours were seen in 42 (63.6%) patients, primary tumours occurred in 23 (34.8%) cases. Metastatic deposit was seen in 1 (1.6%) patient. Bone was the most commonly affected orbital tissue. The CT diagnoses of benign and malignant tumours were accurate when compared with histopathological diagnoses in 80.6% and 96.7 % of the cases respectively. Conclusion: Computed Tomography is useful in characterizing the nature, precise location of a lesion within the orbit and to demonstrate the extension of the orbital lesion into contiguous structures. This study showed that Computed tomography is also a useful imaging technique in the diagnosis of orbital tumours with high concordance rate when compared with histological diagnoses.