Community Medicine
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Item Evaluation of the effectiveness of computed tomography in the diagnosis of orbital tumours in ibadan, southwest Nigeria(West african College of Surgeons, 2013) Akinmoladun, J. A.; Adeyinka, A. O.; Uchendu, O.; Akinmoladun, V. I.Background: The orbit is a bony cavity within the skull that is composed of many structures which may undergo neoplastic transformation. Failure to diagnose the tumour and determine its extent may lead to high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of orbital tumours in our centre. Materials and methods: Computed Tomography images acquired from a multi-sliced CT machine, tissue diagnoses obtained from histopathology reports and patients' clinical records were reviewed. The data were analyzed and presented using frequency tables, percentages and charts as appropriate. Results: Sixty six patients made up of 34 (51.6%) males and 32 (48.4%) females were studied. The ages ranged between 1 and 80 years with a mean of 35 years. Majority (50%) of the patients were in their 4th – 6th decades of life. While secondary orbital tumours were seen in 42 (63.6%) patients, primary tumours occurred in 23 (34.8%) cases. Metastatic deposit was seen in 1 (1.6%) patient. Bone was the most commonly affected orbital tissue. The CT diagnoses of benign and malignant tumours were accurate when compared with histopathological diagnoses in 80.6% and 96.7 % of the cases respectively. Conclusion: Computed Tomography is useful in characterizing the nature, precise location of a lesion within the orbit and to demonstrate the extension of the orbital lesion into contiguous structures. This study showed that Computed tomography is also a useful imaging technique in the diagnosis of orbital tumours with high concordance rate when compared with histological diagnoses.Item Use of seatbelts by vehicle occupants in University College Hospital, (U.C.H) Ibadan, Nigeria(Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria., 2005) Sangowawa, A. O.; Ekanem, S. E. U.; Alagh, B. T.; Ebong, I. P.; Faseru, B.; Uchendu, O.; Adekunle, B. J.; Shaahu, V. H. S.; Fajola, A.; Ogbole, G. I.Road traffic accidents are a major cause of death and disability worldwide. A number of mecha nisms have been put in place to reduce the ensu ing injuries, one of which is the use of seatbelts. This observational study was carried out to de termine seatbelt use by vehicle occupants in Uni versity College Hospital (U.C.H). Trained re search assistants observed drivers and other ve hicle occupants as they drove into the only fuel station within the hospital premises between 8.30a.m and 6.00 p.m. over a six-day period. Data on vehicle occupant characteristics, pres ence and use of installed seat belts was docu mented using a modified version of the FIA foun dation sample seatbelt wearing observation form. A total of 570 occupants in 402 vehicles were observed. There were 402 drivers and 117 and 50 front and rear seat occupants respectively. The only child observed was unrestrained and seated on an adults lap in the front. Seat belt use by the drivers, front and rear seat passengers were 76 (18.9%), 16 (13.7%) and 2 (4%) respectively. A higher proportion 29 (29.9%) of all female drivers compared with male drivers 47 (15.4%) were restrained (X2 = 9.152, p = 0.02). Overall seat belt use observed was 16.5% and driver use was only 18.9% in spite of the existence of a law mandating use of seatbelt by drivers. Better enforcement of the current law is necessary and it should be extended to cover other vehicle occupants. The hospital environment presents a good opportunity to edu cate the public on the importance of seatbelt use utilizing various health education methods.