PHARMACEUTICS AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY

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Author: search.filters.author.Odeku, O. ASubject: search.filters.subject.Starch

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    Effects of pigeon pea and plantain starches on the compressional, mechanical and disintegration properties of paracetamol tablets
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2006-09) Dare, K.; Akin-Ajani, D. O; Odeku, O. A; Odusote, O. M; Itiola, O. A.
    A study has been made of the effects of pigeon pea starch obtained from the plant Cajanus cajan (L) Millisp. (family Fabaceae) and plantain starch obtained from the unripe fruit of Musa paradisiaca L. (family Musaceae) on the compressional, mechanical, and disintegration properties of paracetamol tablets in comparison with official corn starch BP. Analysis of compressional properties was done by using density measurements, and the Heckel and Kawakita equations, whereas the mechanical properties of the tablets were evaluated by using tensile strength (T-a measure of bond strength) and brittle fracture index (BFI-a measure of lamination tendency). The ranking for the mean yield pressure, Py, for the formulations containing the different starches was generally corn < pigeon pea < plantain starch while the ranking for Pk, an inverse measure of the amount of plasticity, was pigeon pea < plantain < corn starch, which indicated that formulations containing corn starch generally exhibited the fastest onset of plastic deformation, whereas those formulations containing pigeon pea starch exhibited the highest amount of plastic deformation during tableting. The tensile strength of the tablets increased with increase in concentration of the starches while the Brittle Fracture Index decreased. The ranking for T was pigeon pea > plantain > corn starch while the ranking for BFI was corn > plantain > pigeon pea starch. The bonding capacity of the formulations was in general agreement with the tensile strength results. The disintegration time (DT) of the formulation increased with concentration of plantain and corn starches but decreased with concentration of pigeon pea starch. The general ranking of DT values was plantain < pigeon pea < corn starch. Notably, formulations containing pigeon pea starch exhibited the highest bond strength and lowest brittleness, suggesting the usefulness of pigeon pea starch in producing strong tablets with minimal lamination tendency. Plantain starch, on the other hand, would be more useful where faster disintegration of tablet is desired. The results show that the starches could be useful in various formulations depending on the intended use of the tablets with the implication that the experimental starches can be developed for commercial purposes
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    Formulation of floating metronidazole microspheres using cassava starch (manihot esculenta) as polymer
    (Springer Publications, 2017) Odeku, O. A; Aderogba, A. A.; Ajala, T. O.; Akin-Ajani, O. D.; Okunlola, A
    " Floating gastroretentive microspheres have been used to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration and improve the local effect of metronidazole in the stomach in the treatment of peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. In the present study, cassava starch, obtained from the tubers of Manihot esculenta has been pregelatinized and used as polymer in combination with sodium alginate for the formulation of floating gastroretentive metronidazole microspheres. Metronidazole microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation method using pregelatinized cassava starch and sodium alginate at different concentrations as polymers and calcium chloride (2% w/v) as chelating agent. Sodium bicarbonate (2% w/w) was used as gas releasing agent. Microspheres were characterized using the particle size, swelling index, floating lag time (FLT), total floating time and drug release properties. Spherical discrete microspheres with size ranging from 1.52 to 2.23 mm were obtained with FLT of less than 5min and drug entrapment efficiency of 42–60% w/w. The microsphere maintained buoyancy for over 19h and the microspheres provided controlled release of metronidazolefor up to 18h. Drug release from the microspheres, swelling index and buoyancy depended on the concentration of cassava starch in the polymer blend. Formulations containing high concentration of cassava starch showing shorter floating lag time and faster drug release. Thus, buoyancy and rate of drug release appeared to be modulated by the concentration of cassava starch in the polymer blend. The results showed that pregelatinized cassava could be useful in the formulation of floating gastroretentive metronidazole microspheres "
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    Formulation factors affecting the binding properties of chinese yam (dioscorea oppositifolia) and corn starches
    (Elsevier, 2009) Okunlola, A.; Odeku, O. A
    Objective; The quantitative effects of formulation and processing variables affecting the binding properties of Chinese yam starch ( Dioscorea oppositifolia) in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations have been investigated in comparison with com starch using a 23 factorial experimental design. Methods: Chinese yam starch, representing the "low" level, and com starch, representing the "high" level were used as binders at concentrations of 2. 5 % w/w and 10 % w/w in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations. The mechanical properties of the tablets, measured by the tensile strength ( T ) and brittle fracture index ( BFI) as well as the release properties measured by the disintegration time (DT ) and dissolution time ( t80- time for 80 % drug release) , were used as assessment parameters. Results; The ranking of the individual coefficient values for the formulations on T was D > N » C , on BFI was N > D » C , on DT was D > N > C and on t80 was C > N > D while the ranking of the interaction coefficient on T was N-D > C-D » N-C, on BFI was N-D > N-C = C-D, on DT and t80 was N-C > N-D > C-D. Changing the binding agent from Chinese to corn starch, led to a decrease in T , DT and t80 but increase in BFI of the tablets. There were significant (P < 0 . 001) interactions between the nature of binder, N and the other two variables, C and D. Conclusion; The result showed that Chinese yam possessed stronger binding capacity than corn starch and could be useful as an alternative binder when tablets with high mechanical strength with minimal problems of lamination, and slow release are required.