DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
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Item Energy waste reduction in University of Ibadan, Nigeria’s water factory using energy audit approach(European Open Science, 2023-09) Bolarinwa, M. A.; Abodunde, A. P.The technical cost incurred in providing adequate services for drinkable water production and distribution is high in developing countries of which Nigeria is no exception. By analysing the energy aspect of this cost, with a view of eliminating non-value-adding energy wastes, the cost of production can be reduced. In this work, an energy audit of the University of Ibadan water factory has been carried out, as a means of reducing the electrical energy wastes within the factory, as well as the associated costs to these energy wastes. Data on equipment being used and their power ratings were collected via walkthrough audit, by means of interviews and personnel observation, and thereafter inputted into Excel spreadsheet in order to determine the extent of energy consumption of each of the factory equipment, areas of energy wastage and areas of energy conservation opportunities. The factory’s structural data was obtained through the use of a 50m fibre measuring tape, in order to carry out lighting, air-conditioning and ventilation assessments on selected rooms in the factory, as means of proper energy conservation. Energy management measures were deployed by suggestion of more efficient equipment. Major equipment found includes automatic filling machine, pumps, steam generator, conveyor etc. The total electrical energy consumption of the factory was 9,280.899 kWh, of which equipment such as pumps took 20% (highest energy consumption). Areas of major energy consumption include pet blowing room, production room 1, production room 2 and the borehole area. While the current cooling capacities of most rooms in the factory were above the cooling requirement of each room, the luminosity requirement of selected rooms in the factory is surpassed by the current luminosity level found. Energy management measures were found to reduce the energy consumption of the factory by 17%, saving a sum of 87,906.207 naira of electrical energy cost monthly. In conclusion, the energy audit carried out on the University of Ibadan water factory was found useful in reducing energy waste and associated costs within the water factory. This approach can be applied in industries for electricity cost reduction, hence, production cost.Item Ergonomic risk assessment of Nigerian teaching personnel: cases of a secondary school and a tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria(European Open Science, 2023) Bolarinwa, M. A.; Kumapayi, A. O.Educators often spend a lot of time carrying out repetitive motions of the upper limbs and prolonged standing on a daily basis, exposing them to hours of ergonomic risks. This is due to awkward postures, caused by significant deviation of some major body members from the normal neutral positions. Poor ergonomics can lead to various Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which are of serious concern for workplace safety, especially in jobs that require repetitive motions. It thus became necessary to assess the stress level associated with teaching postures and the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. In this study, ergonomic assessment of teaching personnel at an International Secondary School and University of Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted to determine the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. The study utilised two ergonomic assessment tools- Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) to gather qualitative and quantitative data about posture and motions during teaching activities. It was discovered that both university lecturers and secondary school teachers in Nigeria face significant ergonomic risks, primarily in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Further comparison revealed that educators in the secondary school experienced higher severity of musculoskeletal discomfort and exposure to MSD risks, compared to those in the tertiary institution. The educators of the International School had an average REBA score of 4.57, while those at the University of Ibadan had a score of 3.73. These scores indicated amedium level of MSD risk for both groups, but the educators of the International School were at a higher risk. On comparing the CMDQ outcome, it was discovered that there were major differences in the regions where discomforts were reported. While secondary school revealed higher average scores in the neck, right shoulder, and left shoulder regions, and with the neck region having a mean score of 7.003; right shoulder having a mean score of 4.550; and left shoulder having a mean score of 1.600; outcome from University of Ibadan revealed higher mean scores in the lower back and left wrist regions, with the lower back region having a mean score of 7.450 and left wrist region having a mean score of 1.030. These scores indicated a mild to moderate level of discomfort for both groups, with each facing major discomfort in unique body regions. This research highlights the significance of ergonomic evaluation and the combination of quantitative and qualitative data to identify potential interventions.Item Ergonomic risk assessment of Nigerian teaching personnel: cases of a secondary school and a tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria(European Open Science, 2023) Bolarinwa, M. A.; Kumapayi, A. O.Educators often spend a lot of time carrying out repetitive motions of the upper limbs and prolonged standing on a daily basis, exposing them to hours of ergonomic risks. This is due to awkward postures, caused by significant deviation of some major body members from the normal neutral positions. Poor ergonomics can lead to various Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which are of serious concern for workplace safety, especially in jobs that require repetitive motions. It thus became necessary to assess the stress level associated with teaching postures and the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. In this study, ergonomic assessment of teaching personnel at an International Secondary School and University of Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted to determine the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. The study utilised two ergonomic assessment tools- Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) to gather qualitative and quantitative data about posture and motions during teaching activities. It was discovered that both university lecturers and secondary school teachers in Nigeria face significant ergonomic risks, primarily in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Further comparison revealed that educators in the secondary school experienced higher severity of musculoskeletal discomfort and exposure to MSD risks, compared to those in the tertiary institution. The educators of the International School had an average REBA score of 4.57, while those at the University of Ibadan had a score of 3.73. These scores indicated amedium level of MSD risk for both groups, but the educators of the International School were at a higher risk. On comparing the CMDQ outcome, it was discovered that there were major differences in the regions where discomforts were reported. While secondary school revealed higher average scores in the neck, right shoulder, and left shoulder regions, and with the neck region having a mean score of 7.003; right shoulder having a mean score of 4.550; and left shoulder having a mean score of 1.600; outcome from University of Ibadan revealed higher mean scores in the lower back and left wrist regions, with the lower back region having a mean score of 7.450 and left wrist region having a mean score of 1.030. These scores indicated a mild to moderate level of discomfort for both groups, with each facing major discomfort in unique body regions. This research highlights the significance of ergonomic evaluation and the combination of quantitative and qualitative data to identify potential interventions.Item Technoeconomic Analysis of Prototype Hydropower Plant Development in Nigeria(2023) Bolarinwa, M. A.; Adeyemi, A. A.; Kassim, O. E.Epileptic power supply in Nigeria has caused hindrances to her growth. Electricity is required for technological advancement and economic growth, as business transactions and most activities depend on its availability. This work was aimed at developing a prototype hydropower plant for use in riverine area(s) for electricity generation. Using Autodesk inventor software, the required turbine was designed and thereafter fabricated and assembled appropriately with all necessary components. Stress analyses (Von Mises, first, and third principal stresses) were also conducted to determine the turbine load bearing capacity. The e system was fitted into the edge of a stream (with minimum debris and cataract to prevent and reduce the blades from wear and tear) and arranged such that the blades were at an appropriate angle of attack to capture the water's kinetic energy. The turbine possessed eight blades, designed and fabricated to function in a river with low volume. On assembling the turbine with frame, gears, ball bearing and shaft, a pico-hydropower plant was developed. Stress analyses indicated Von Mises; first; and third principal stresses to respectively be: (0.00000498617; -0.00316625; and -0.0259764) MPa for minimum values and (0.0382339; 0.0452009; and 0.00873272) MPa for maximum values, indicating that the turbine can withstand operating conditions like pressure, force and friction. On testing, voltage readings were 0.90, 0.93, 0.96, 0.98 and 1.00 volts respectively. It was found to be portable and economical. The locally developed hydropower plant will be useful for solving electrification problems in rural areas, farm settlements and off-grid homes.Item Comparative analysis of service quality of health care systems: case of the emergency department of a government hospital in Southwestern Nigeria(Research Expansion Alliance (REA) on behalf of Ayandegan Institute of Higher Education, 2024) Bolarinwa, M. A.; Ofiebor, E. C.The health industry's role is vital in the preservation and elongation of the lives of many people. The emergency department in any hospital is designed to handle delicate health situations. An emergency department without adequate capacity to handle these situations would frequently record mortality. Service quality in any establishment is an important performance indicator. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the service quality in the emergency department of a chosen hospital. Using SERVAQUAL and Taguchi (mini-tab software and excel package) approaches, factors affecting the quality of service in the department were identified; perception data on the quality of service available to patients were collected through questionnaires under five sections; analyzed and compared. While identified factors include the number of health workers – doctors and nurses, number of bed spaces and retention period of patients, the five sections in the questionnaires covered Tangibles, Reliability, Assurance, Responsiveness and Empathy. Responses recorded totaled one hundred and two (102). Taguchi analysis (mini-tab software) revealed that the presence of nurses played the most vital role in the survival of patients brought into the department, as it ranked first (1st) among the other factors. Excel software showed Empathy as the factor with the highest perception data score of 364.4, while Tangibles had the lowest perception score of 340. From the SERVAQUAL analysis, the patient's perception of Empathy revealed the importance of emergency nursing care, aligning with results from the Taguchi analysis. The need for better infrastructure and equipment within the department was also identified as an area that would increase the quality of service since these had the lowest perception in the patients' minds (Tangibles). Evaluation of the quality of service provided in an emergency department of a government hospital using Taguchi and SERVAQUAL approaches gave similar results, with Empathy and Tangibles playing critical roles in patients' survival.Item Multi-criteria inventory optimisation of University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria’s bakery using goal programming approach and flour as the major raw-material(2021) Bolarinwa, M. A.; Fajebe, F. E.Asides inventory cost, which is being used as the only inventory performance measure at the University of Ibadan bakery, a number of other criteria, such as inventory cost, service level, inventory turnover and delivery lead time which influence the performance of an inventory system have surfaced over the years. Hence, there is the need to examine all these criteria-objectives altogether. Therefore, this research was centred towards optimising the inventory system of University of Ibadan bakery, putting multiple criteria into consideration. Data on 17 raw materials: their costs, suppliers, usage rate, lead time, storage space and available capital were collected by means of interviews, past records and observations. The weighted goal program algorithm was adopted to find the best compromise between fulfilling the four objectives by minimising the sum of the deviation from the target values of the goals. Subsequently, Lingo 17.0 and Tora 1.0 optimisation software packages were used to solve and compare the model generated, while putting into consideration storage space constraint and budgeted capital. The developed model from the goal programming algorithm exhibited four goals (combined into one objective function). Same solutions were obtained from Lingo 17.0 and Tora 1.0. While Lingo 17.0 gave a uniform service level of 100% , a turnover ratio greater than 1(>1) for all the materials at a negligible increase (of < 0.0001%) in total inventory cost of the raw materials and available lead time duration of zero days (< 24 hours) for each material, Tora 1.0 gave a uniform service level of 100% a turnover ratio greater than 1 (> 1) for all the materials at a negligible increase (of < 0.0001%) in total inventory cost of the raw materials and available ead time duration of zero days (< 24 hours) for each material. Implementation of the developed model will eliminate unnecessary waiting time between production, thereby ensuring effective and efficient utilization of raw materials in production which will lead to reduced cost of holding inventory, elimination of unnecessary overall cost and wastages, and also improvement of the productivity and profit on the long run.Item The role of renewable energy in Nigeria’s energy transformation(Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, 2020) Bolarinwa, M. A.The domination of the energy mix of most countries across the globe by fossil fuel has been having serious effects on the climatic conditions, resulting from constant emission of greenhouse gases, GHG. It has also been found to be detrimental to human health, and as such, not less than 5 million cases of premature deaths due to local air pollution are annually recorded. Therefore, to combat GHG emissions and air pollution, there is an urgent need to adopt clean sources of energy generation, such as the renewables. This chapter discusses the meaning, history and benefits of renewable energy, highlights the common forms and sources, dwells on energy trends in Nigeria, reflects on hydropower plants in relation to technology, material selection and efficiency, as well as draws conclusions from areas covered.