DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
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Item Studies on the effect of cocoa pod as filler in polyester composites(2008) Bolarinwa, M. A.; Babatope, B.This work investigates the effects of surface treatment on cocoa pod on the mechanical properties of polyester composites. Reinforcement varying between 0% w/w to 10% was used in the preparation of the polyester composite specimens. Tensile and hardness tests were carried out on the test specimens with and without reinforcements and the effect of loading on the mechanical properties were correlated. This work has a significant impact for the conversion of waste products, especially cocoa pod that pollutes the environment to engineering materials. The study found that apart from the common use of cocoa pod in the soap making industry, it would also become important in engineering materials fabrication. This has implication for the wealth creation programme embedded in the vision 20, 2020 target on the floor.Item Mixture Experiments and their applications in welding flux design(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia e Ciências Mecânicas - ABCM, 2008) Adeyeye, D. A.; Oyawale, F. A.The traditional welding flux development has been by cost, material, time and labour intensive experiments. The extensive and expensive trial and error experimentation is needed because it is often difficult to know a priori how the flux ingredients interact to determine the operational characteristics of the flux and the final performance of the welded structure. The limitation of the traditional approach includes: (1) long lead-time (2) expensive experiments in terms of materials and energy consumption and labour requirements (3) the flux developed can not be guaranteed to be optimal and (4) inability to identify and quantify direct and interaction effects of flux ingredients. These constraints are due to the paucity of statistical modelling tools in welding flux technology. Since prediction models are derived from designed experiments, flux researchers need other methods by which flux experiments may be designed. This paper discusses a statistical modelling tool known as mixture experiment which has the potential to revolutionize welding flux development technology. Mixture design is discussed but not fully developed. The procedure of mixture experiment, analytical model forms and the sequence of model fitting are discussed. Areas of welding flux research where the various mixture designs may be useful are suggested.Item Manpower planning using decision analysis: case of crown company(Akamai University, Hilo, Hawaii, 2008) Oyawale, F. A.; Adegboyega, O. A.This study addresses the analytic approach to decision making and its application to manpower planning in the crown section of a bottling company in Nigeria. The company produces crowns for several bottling companies and was faced with the challenge of meeting customer's demand, which varied from month to month. A work sampling technique was used to investigate the discrepancy between the level of the work force and their output. The result of the work sampling study showed that all of the departments were overstaffed with idle time and that overtime, rather than additional shifts, would reduce manpower cost. The results have been applied to the management policies that can be employed to meet increasing short term demand.Item Local sourcing of raw materials for the manufacturing of manual metal arc welding electrodes: a case for locally produced steel wire in Nigeria(Dincan Science Company, 2008) Oyawale, F. A.Since early 1995 when pressure was mounted on the Raw Materials Research and Development Council in Nigeria, with a view to sourcing wire, flux and binder locally, little or no success has been recorded. As at 1998, all the raw materials including core wire for electrode manufacture in Nigeria were still being imported. The aim of this project is therefore to explore the possibility of using locally sourced wire in electrode production. In this research, wire drawn at the Oshogbo rolling company in South Western Nigeria from billets produced at Delta Steel Company Aladja in Delta state, Nigeria was used with commercial flux in a production run by a local electrode manufacturing outfit. Mechanical tests and microstructure show that the quality of electrodes produced compared favourobly with E6010 standards.Item Investigation of the grain structure of the fusion zone of single pass arc welding of structural steel (NST 34 L-C)(Akamai University, Hilo, Hawaii, 2008-06) Oyawale, F. A.; Sanusi, K. O.Some welded structures show poor mechanical properties at the weld and the adjacent zones. This has led to the collapse of structures when subjected to various torques. This research investigates the grain structure of the fusion zone of a single pass arc welding of structural steel to identify the mode of growth and grain transition of the zone and adjacent weld. Two parameters -temperature gradient in the direction of solidification and rate of advance of solidification were studied vis-a-vis welding speed, arc current and plate thickness. The results showed that chances in the welding variables affected the mechanical properties of the welded structure.Item Occupational lead exposure in printing presses: an analytical approach(Akamai University, 2008) Oke, S. A.; Phillips, T. E; Kolawole, A.; Ofiabulu, C. E.; Adeyeye, D. A.Lead absorption poses a great threat to the health of workers in printing presses where commercial publishing is done. A case example is the commercial printing operations in Lagos, Nigeria. Since regular exposure to lead dusts could result in lead poisoning, complications that could cause death of victims, monitoring and controlling lead absorption of operators is essential for the maintenance of workers’ health and for the avoidance of the risk of incurring heavy losses due to litigation. The purpose of this paper is to model the process, rate, and quantity of lead absorption in operators of printing presses. Measurements of lead absorption are made and compared to standards in individuals for control purposes. Two approaches are used. The first shows the risk of being poisoned by lead. The second approach relates lead poisoning to the rates of intake of lead into the body and its elimination out of the body. This model viewed the absorption of lead as a cycle and applied the continuity equation to this cycle.Item A mathematical modelling of the intensity of contaminants (C02) on occupancy level of a spacein continuous use(Inderscience Enterprises Limited, 2008) Oke, S. A; Oyedokun, O. I.; Akanbi, O. G.; Adeyeye, A. D.This study investigates the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of a room apartment and focused on the number of occupants that a space or an apartment can accommodate as a result of increase in the concentration level of the CO2 contaminant present within the space. The law of mass action was applied to generate a relation between the concentration of CO2 produced and the concentration of the reactants (i.e., O2 and CO). A decay equation was also used to relate the variation in the number of occupants with the level of the concentration of CO2 within the space only at steady state conditions.Item Goal programming model for production planning in a toothpaste factory(South African Institute of Industrial Engineers (SAIIE), 2008) Adeyeye, A. D.; Charles-Owaba, O. E.The GP model was developed for production planning in a toothpaste factory. Two objectives were distinguished: minimization of processing cost, and maximization of the capacity utilization of production facilities. Two priority structures were used to explore the trade-off options. When processing cost minimization was assigned the first priority, the utilizations of Processing Plant 1 and Filling Machine 2 were 20.32% and 0.18% respectively. When capacity utilization was assigned first priority, the processing cost increased by 7.55% but capacity utilization improved. The least utilized facility was Filling Machine 1 with a utilization of 43.85%.Item Modelling of energy expenditure at welding workstations: effect of temperature on work performance(Taylor and Francis, 2008) Oke, S. A.; Obioma, J. U.; Akanbi, O. G.; Adekunle, K.; Oyawale, F. A.The welding workstation usually generates intense heat during operations, which may affect the welder's health if not properly controlled, and can also affect the performance of the welder at work. Consequently, effort to control the conditions of the welding workstation is essential, and is therefore pursued in this paper. This paper develops a mathematical model that maximises the work output while minimizing energy consumption at the welding workstation. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of temperature on work performance. The important principle of conduction is applied through the human flesh that experiences temperature changes at the welding workstation. The welder-environment interaction is investigated with a focus on the welder's link and their relationship with blood flow. The results show that the blood in the arteries loses heat to the blood in the veins, and is aided by convection in the veins, Further heat losses occur in the skin layer of fat and muscle, and finally to the air. The study hopes to stimulate greater productivity and optimised resource utilisation. Thus, the Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) manager can assist in controlling the surroundings for optimal welder's comfort.Item Modelling energy expenditure of a brick layer at various postures(Taylor and Francis, 2008) Oke, S.A.; Oshiaji, I. K.; Akanbi, O. G.; Kolawole, A. A.; Oyawale, F. A.Energy utilisation at work in the labour-intensive building industry is of prime importance to contractors who match people to jobs. This paper provides an insight into modelling energy expenditure in a specific task, namely brick laying in various postures. It therefore takes previous "generic" biomechanical-energy prediction models, and makes the case for applying and adapting broader theoretical models to a specific occupational task. This refinement of established models provides a meaningful and valuable contribution to interpreting and predicting energy expenditure during a defined occupational task -- brick laying. Results obtained show that in the standing position, fewer muscles are brought into action. For the sitting position, the muscles are more relaxed, relieving the bricklayer of stress, but the center of gravity is still lower than the standing position. In the case of squatting, there is a lot of strain in the body by considering the muscles of the arms, legs, and back resulting in more energy released in the body. The bending position has repeated movement of the muscles at the back and the center of gravity varies. Thus, this research of energy expenditure in brick layers may be of interest to ergonomists and those interested in biomechanical-energy modelling.
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