Petroleum Engineering
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Item Assessment of household energy utilization in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria(Scientific Research, 2012) Waheed, M. A.; Oni, A. O.|; Fadare, D. A.; Sulaiman, M. A.Energy and exergy analysis was conducted for a vegetable oil refinery in the Southwest of Nigeria. The plant, powered by two boilers and a 500 kVA generator, refines 100 tonnes of crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) into edible vegetable oil per day. The production system consists of four main group operations: neutralizer, bleacher, filter, and deodorizer. The performance of the plant was evaluated by considering energy and exergy losses of each unit operation of the production process. The energy intensity for processing 100 tonnes of palm kennel oil into edible oil was estimated as 487.04 MJ/tonne with electrical energy accounting for 4.65%, thermal energy, 95.23% and manual energy, 0.12%. The most energy intensive group operation was the deodorizer accounting for 56.26% of the net energy input. The calculated exergy efficiency of the plant is 38.6% with a total exergy loss of 29,919 MJ. Consequently, the exergy analysis revealed that the deodorizer is the most inefficient group operation accounting for 52.41% of the losses in the production processes. Furthermore, a critical look at the different component of the plant revealed that the boilers are the most inefficient units accounting for 69.7% of the overall losses. Other critical points of exergy losses of the plant were also identified. The increase in the total capacity of the plant was suggested in order to reduce the heating load of the boilers. Furthermore, the implementation of appropriate process heat integration can also help to improve the energy efficiency of the system. The suggestion may help the company to reduce its high expenditure on energy and thus improve the profit margin.Item Energy and exergy analysis of a vegetable oil refinery(Scientific Research, 2012-09) Sulaiman, M. A.; Oni, A. O.; Fadare, D. A.Energy and exergy analysis was conducted for a vegetable oil refinery in the Southwest of Nigeria. The plant, powered by two boilers and a 500 kVA generator, refines 100 tonnes of crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) into edible vegetable oil per day. The production system consists of four main group operations: neutralizer, bleacher, filter, and deodorizer. The performance of the plant was evaluated by considering energy and exergy losses of each unit operation of the production process. The energy intensity for processing 100 tonnes of palm kennel oil into edible oil was estimated as 487.04 MJ/tonne with electrical energy accounting for 4.65%, thermal energy, 95.23% and manual energy, 0.12%. The most energy intensive group operation was the deodorizer accounting for 56.26% of the net energy input. The calculated exergy efficiency of the plant is 38.6% with a total exergy loss of 29,919 MJ. Consequently, the exergy analysis revealed that the deodorizer is the most inefficient group operation accounting for 52.41% of the losses in the production processes. Furthermore, a critical look at the different component of the plant revealed that the boilers are the most inefficient units accounting for 69.7% of the overall losses. Other critical points of exergy losses of the plant were also identified. The increase in the total capacity of the plant was suggested in order to reduce the heating load of the boilers. Furthermore, the implementation of appropriate process heat integration can also help to improve the energy efficiency of the system. The suggestion may help the company to reduce its high expenditure on energy and thus improve the profit margin.Item Comparative analysis of different inocular conditions on the performance of a bioreactor in the treatment of operationally exhausted metal working fluids (MWFs)(2011-01) Ogunjobi, A. A..; Fadare, D. A.; Dauda, O. F.; Fagade, O. EThis work studied the biodegradation of the spent MWFs by using two inocular conditions: Indigenous microorganisms and seeding with Pseudomonas and Bacillus species (both earlier isolated from MWFs) both in a locally designed bioreactor. The performance of each inoculum condition was monitored by total viable bacteria counts, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), oil and grease content and heavy metals residue over a 15-day period. For indigenous organisms alone, the total viable counts ranged from 30 × 107 to 5 × 103 cfu/ml; COD, BOD & TOC showed reduction of approximately 34%, 37% and 24% respectively; oil and grease showed approximately 8% reduction and the results for heavy metal residues showed about 20% reduction for all heavy metals analyzed (Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr). Inoculation with the laboratory isolates showed high total viable counts throughout from initial 10 × 107 cfu/ml to 3 × 107cfu/ml at the end of the period; COD, BOC, and TOC showed 44%, 51% and 37% reduction respectively; oil and grease content was reduced by 33% and result for heavy metals showed over 30% reduction for Pb and Cu while Cd and Cr were below 20% reduction. The results showed that bio-augmentation with the laboratory isolates performed better than indigenous microorganism in the degradation of MWFs.Item Solving difference equations by forward difference operator method(Asian Research Publishing Network, 2010-07) Odior, A. O.; Charles-Owaba, O. E.; Fadare, D. A.In this paper a forward difference operator method was used to solve a set of difference equations. We also find the particular solution of the nonhomogeneous difference equations with constant coefficients. In this case, a new operator call the forward difference operator Δr,s, defined as Δr,s yn = r yn+1 - s yn, was introduced. Some of the properties of this new operator were also investigated.Item Optimization of turning NST 37.2 steel with uncoated carbide cutting tools(Nigerian Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 2010) Fadare, D. A.; Asafa, T. B.Selection of optimimum machining parameters is an essential factor in process planning for efficient metal cutting operations. In this study, an artificial neural network based tool wear predictive model and a genetic algorithm-based optimization model were developed to determine the optimum cutting parameters for turning NST 37.2 steel with uncoated carbide cutting inserts. Multi-layer, feed-forare, back -propagation network was used in predictive model, while maximum metal removal rate (MRR) was used as the objective function and tool wear as samples NST 37.2 steel bars with 25mm diameter and 400mm length s workspiece and Sandvice Coromant® uncoated carbide inserts with International Standard Organization (ISO) designation SNMA 12406. Dry machining at different cutting conditions with cutting speed (v), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (d) ranging from 20.42-42.42 mm/min, 1.0-2.2 mm/rev and 0.2-0.8mm, respectively were carried out. Eight passes of 50mm length of cut were machined at each conediiton, the spindle power and tool wear (flank and nose) were measured during each cutting operation. Results have shown that the predictive model had acceptable accurancy and optimum cutting parameters obtained were: v=42.32mm/min, f= 2.19 mm/rev and d = 0.8mm.Item Modeling of solar energy potential in Africa using an artificial neural network(Science Hub Publishing, 2010) Fadare, D. A.; Irimisose, I.; Oni, A. O.|; Falana, A.In this study, the feasibility of an artificial neural network (ANN) based model for the prediction of solar energy potential in Africa was investigated. Standard multilayered, feed-forward, back-propagation neural networks with different architecture were designed using NeuroSolutions®. Geographical and meteorological data of 172 locations in Africa for the period of 22 years (1983-2005) were obtained from NASA geo-satellite database. The input data (geographical and meteorological parameters) to the network includes: latitude, longitude, altitude, month, mean sunshine duration, mean temperature, and relative humidity while the solar radiation intensity was used as the output of the network. The results showed that after sufficient training sessions, the predicted and the actual values of solar energy potential had Mean Square Errors (MSE) that ranged between 0.002 - 0.004, thus suggesting a high reliability of the model for evaluation of solar radiation in locations where solar radiation data are not available in Africa. The predicted and actual values of solar energy potential were given in form of monthly maps. The solar radiation potential (actual and ANN predicted) in northern Africa (region above the equator) and the southern Africa (region below the equator) for the period of April – September ranged respectively from 5.0 - 7.5 and 3.5 - 5.5 kW h/m2/day while for the period of October – March ranged respectively from 2.5 – 5.5 and 5.5 - 7.5 kW h/m2/day. This study has shown that ANN based model can accurately predict solar radiation potential in Africa.Item Influence of cutting parameters and tool wear on acoustic emission signal in high-speed turning of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy(Scholarlink Research Institute, 2012) Fadare, D. A.; Sales, W. F.|; Bonney, J..; Ezugwu, E. OTitanium and its alloys are an important group of engineering materials, with a wide range of applications in aerospace, aircraft, automotive, chemical and biomedical industries. They have excellent combination of strength and fracture toughness as well as low density and excellent corrosion resistance but with poor machinability due to their low thermal conductivity and high chemical reactivity with cutting tool materials. In this study, the effects of cutting parameters and tool wear on the Acoustic Emission (AE) signal in high-speed turning of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with new generation of cemented carbide tools was investigated. Machining trials were conducted at different cutting conditions, the AE signals were acquired and the signal features in the time-domain (mean, standard deviation, amplitude, root mean square, skewness, and kurtosis) and signal features in the frequency-domain (frequency and amplitude) were extracted. The essence of this study was to identifying the features of AE signal capable of being used as potential process indicator for development of automated monitoring and control system for turning of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results demonstrated AE signals as potential indicator for Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) in turning of titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloy.Item Finite element modeling of an aluminum alloy automobile rim under static load(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, 2011) Fadare, D. A.; Odebunmi, O. O.; Igbudu, S. O.Rims are essential safety components for support, steering, mobility and break systems in automobile. Aluminum alloy rims are commonly used in the automobile industry due to their durability, light weight, high strength, good heat conductor, wear resistance and aesthetics characteristics. However, their structural integrity under diverse operating conditions is not well understood. In this study, the combined effects of static loads due to varying automobile weights and tyre air inflation pressures on the total displacement von Mises stress and principal strain of an aluminum alloy automobile rim (Toyota 6.0JXI5H2ET, CMS190CN604) was investignted using a commercially available 3-dimensional finite element code in FEMLAB 3.0. The effects of the loading condition were investigated at the point of contact of tyre with the ground; outboard and inboard bead seats; and the well. Results showed that maximum deflection occurred at the inboard bead seat, while the most stressed area occurred at the well. lncrease in automobile weight and tyre inflation pressure led to increased state of stress and strain. This study provides basic insights into the state of stress in aluminum alloy rims under diverse loading conditions.Item Exergetic analysis of atmospheric distilation plant: a case study of WRPC refinery(2010) Fadare, D. A.; Oni, A. O; Waheed, M. A.Exergetic analysis of atmospheric distilation plant of Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company (WRPC) was conducted to evaluate exergy efficiencies and irreversibilities in each unit of the system with aim of identifying potential ares for improvement. The process simulation was carried out using commercial simulator HYSYS 2003. The results of the simulation compared reasonably well with actual plant process parameters with a relative error of 7.22%. The highest irreversibility occured in the main fractionator followed by TPA, IPA, kerosene stripper, BPA, LGO stripper and HGO strippers with their respective values of 80.17, 5.05, 5.01, 0.77, 0.76, 0.42 and 0.12 GJ/h, of processed crude. The main cause of thermodynamic irreversibility in the system was due to uncontrolled mixing of process streams without due consideration of their potential to produce work. Base on the assessment of the system, the stage by stage exergy profile generates ideas about how the improvement can be made in order to reduce irreversibilities in the components. After modification, the exergy efficiencies show an increase of 21.8% for the fractionator, 19.5% in KERO striper, 15.3% in HGO striper and 10.3% in the LGO striper.Item Energy and exergy analyses of malt drink production in Nigeria(Elsevier Limited, 2010-12) Fadare, D. A.; Nkpubre, D. O.|.; Oni, A. O; Falana, A.; Waheed, M. A.; Bamiro, O. AEnergy requirements and exergy inefficiencies for processing of malt drink were estimated for a Nigerian brewery. The process was divided into twenty-one basic unit operations and grouped into four main group operations: silo house, brew house, filter room and packaging house. The energy intensity for processing a batch of 9.8 tonnes brew grains to 562 hl of malt drink was estimated as 261.63 MJ/hl consisting of electrical (41.01%), thermal (58.81%) and manual (0.19%) of the total energy. The most energy intensive group operation was the Packaging House operation, followed by the Brew House operation with energy intensities of 223.19 and 35.94 MJ/hl respectively. The exergy analysis revealed that the packaging house operation was responsible for most of the inefficiency (92.16%) followed by brew house operation (7.17%) and the silo house and filter room operations with less than 1%of the total exergy lost. The most exergy loss took place in the pasteurizer which accounted for 59.75% of the overall system inefficiency. Modification in the pasteurizer and use of spent grains as alternate source of energy in the steam boiler were recommended to improve the energy efficiency of the system.