Public & International Law
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Item The practice of federalism under the constitutions of Nigeria, United States of America and Australia(Princeton & Associates Publishing Co. Ltd., Lagos, 2022-09) Araromi, M. A.The concept of federalism is an unsettled phenomenon in political and legal disciplines; though many writers have common areas of agreement as to what the basic principles of federalism entail. This chapter is meant to consider the concept of federalism and some of its components with the aim of determining the true features of the concept. The chapter further considers the practice of federalism in the United States of America, Australia and Nigeria with the purpose of comparing these with the basic requirements of federalism. The chapter finds that though there is no perfect practice of federalism in the three countries but there is a real legal and Constitutional template for a true practice of federalism in the United States and Australia even though there are some areas of concession or compromise by the federating units and the courts giving extensive interpretation of the scope of powers of the central government under some omnibus provisions. In Nigeria, on the other hand, the Constitutional structure of power does not really reflect a true federal arrangement. However, the country continues to struggle for survival as a unit under this lopsided arrangement.Item Artificial intelligence: the challenges posed to the law of contract in determining liabilities of parties(Sweet and Maxwel, 2022) Araromi, M. A.Traditional methods of contracting involve, among others, using paper documents and oral communications. The extant laws appreciate these methods of contracting and make provisions for the validity, rights and liabilities of parties. Electronic transaction models make a detour from the established jurisprudence on contract provided by these extant laws and the court systems. With constant development of technology one-off legal response may sometimes not be enough to address new challenges posed. Artificial intelligence is one of the areas of development in technology that has affected the traditional legal provisions on contract. Machine intelligence has created some challenges in determining the liability of contracting parties, especially where the machine is acting on learned or extraneous data. It is observed that the existing international legal regime by the United Nations, which serves as the authority in resolving international legal matters, is not sufficient to address this problem. This article addresses the effect of artificial intelligence on contract in determining the liability of parties, and suggests a solution.Item Religion and secularism in Nigeria: the effect of compulsory dress codes in the educational system on the right to practice religion(Brill|Nijhoff, 2021) Araromi, M. A.Though Nigeria is regarded as a secular state, there are two major religions which are predominantly practiced. Religious sentiments have permeated the societal space in Nigeria and often times the ardent practice and observance of religious tenets lead to perennial conflicts with governmental policies. It is one of the fundamental precepts of human rights that the religious belief of individuals should be respected, therefore the provision for the protection of right to religion in the national laws and some international instruments. The education system requires specific dress codes which must be observed. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the right to practice religion in Nigeria and the obvious conflicts between this practice and policies in the Nigerian education system particularly at primary and post-primary school levels. The paper addresses the scope of the right to practice one’s religion under the law vis-à-vis governmental policies in educational institutions.