Pathology
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Item Central nervous system tumours in children in Ibadan, Nigeria: a histopathologic study(Pan African Medical Journal and African Field Epidemiology Network, 2016) Ogun, G. O.; Adeleye, A. O.; Babatunde, T. O.; Ogun, O. A.; Salami, A. A.; Brown, B. J.; Akang, EIntroduction: Contrary to some earlier teachings that central nervous system (CNS) tumours are uncommon in black children, these neoplasms are the fourth most common paediatric tumours in Ibadan. Our centre is the major referral centre for CNS tumours in Nigeria. The last major study of paediatric CNS neoplasms from Ibadan was in 1985. An update of the data on paediatric CNS neoplasms at our centre is presented. Methods: A retrospective review of all histologically diagnosed CNS tumours in children (0-14 years) from January 2001 to December 2010 from the database of the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria was done. The cases were classified using the 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System and were also based on their supratentorial and infratentorial locations. Results: Seventy-seven tumours, 44 in males, were included in the study. Astrocytic tumour comprised 20 cases, embryonal tumours 15, ependymal tumours 15, germ cell tumours 6, sellar tumours (all craniopharyngiomas) 9 and other histological types- 12 cases. Thirty-seven were WHO Grade 1, eleven Grade 2, ten Grade 3 and nineteen Grade 4 neoplasms. Thirty-six cases were supratentorial and thirty-eight were infratentorial in location. The most common tumours in this series were pilocytic astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, craniopharyngiomas and ependymomas in that order. Conclusion: Childhood CNS tumours are being increasingly diagnosed in our centre. This is largely explained by the recent expansion of the available neurosurgical servicesItem Histopathological pattern of primary ovarian neoplasms in south‑western Nigeria(Association of Resident Doctors of Jos University, 2016) Ajani, M. A.; Aramide, K. O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.Background: Ovarian tumours are common forms of neoplasms in women. This study aims to determine the histopathological pattern of primary ovarian neoplasms in south-western Nigeria. Method: A retrospective study was undertaken to review the histopathology reports of all primary ovarian neoplasm specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan from January 1991 to June 2013. Patients’ biodata were extracted from request forms and surgical day books. Results: There were 821 cases of primary ovarian neoplasms. Surface epithelial neoplasms accounted for 359 (43.7%) of cases and were found in patients aged 10–89 years. Germ cell tumours numbered 313 (38.0%) in patients aged 0–70 years, while sex cord stromal tumours numbered 146 (17.8%) in patients aged 0–99 years. Among benign ovarian neoplasms, Mature Cystic Teratoma was the most common (54.7%) with the 20–29 year age range having the highest frequency. Among primary malignant ovarian neoplasms, serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most common (33.2%) and most frequent in the 50–59 year age group. Conclusion: Surface epithelial tumours were the most common ovarian neoplasms followed by germ cell tumours. This histopathological pattern is observed in most parts of Nigeria, some African and Asian countries, and in the Western world.Item Childhood ovarian neoplasms in Ibadan,South‑western Nigeria(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2016) Ajani, M. A.; Aramide, K. O.; Ajani, T. A.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.Background: Childhood ovarian neoplasms are very rare. Little information is available on the relative pattern and frequency of these tumors in Nigerian children. Earlier study done in Ibadan involved ovarian neoplasms in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to review cases of ovarian neoplasms in children <15 years over a 22½ year period. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. Twenty‑four cases of childhood ovarian neoplasms were seen in patients <15 years of age. These cases were classified using the current World Health Organization histological classification of ovarian tumors. Results: Childhood ovarian neoplasms accounted for 2.8% of all cases of ovarian tumors seen in this period. Fourteen (58.3%) cases of childhood ovarian neoplasms were benign, and 10 (41.7%) were malignant. Mature cystic teratoma occurring in 13 (54.2%) was the most common childhood ovarian neoplasm and was most prevalent between 10 and 14 years of age. Burkitt lymphoma was the most common 4 (40%) malignant childhood ovarian tumor and prevalent between 5 and 14 years of age. Conclusion: Mature cystic teratoma remains the single most common childhood ovarian neoplasm, and Burkitt’s lymphoma is the most malignant childhood ovarian tumor in Ibadan, South‑western Nigeria.Item Prevalence and review of pathological anatomy of gestational choriocarcinoma in Ibadan(Journal Gurus, 2022) Awosusi, B. L.; Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.Objectives: Gestational choriocarcinoma (GCC) is a highly malignant epithelial tumor arising from the trophoblast of any type of gestational event, most often a complete hydatidiform mole. Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia owing to their rapid growth and metastatic potential. This study reviewed all cases of GCC seen at the University College Hospital Ibadan. Methods: This was a 20 year retrospective hospital-based study designed to review all histologically diagnosed cases of choriocarcinoma registered at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, from 1st January, 1997 to 31st December, 2016. Clinicopathological data was extracted from the departmental surgical day book, Ward register, Department of Medical Records and Cancer Registry. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22. The results were presented in tables, relative frequencies and group percentages. Results: One hundred and eighty three cases of gestational trophoblastic disease were histologically diagnosed within the study period out of which 36 cases were GCC accounting for 19.7%. 55.6% of all the cases were received as endometrial biopsies, 33.3% as hysterectomy specimens, 8.3% as cervical biopsies and 2.8 as an anterior vaginal wall mass. Choriocarcinoma occurred in the age range 20 to 50 years with majority of cases occurring in the third decade of life. Conclusion: Gestational choriocarcinoma is still the most common gestational trophoblastic neoplasia seen in our environment. Awareness of this tumour with a high index of suspicion is needed for an accurate diagnosis and patient management.Item P57kip2 immunohistochemical marker as a diagnostic tool for cases of hydatidiform moles in a tertiary health facility in southwestern Nigeria(National Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2020) Awosusi, B. L.; Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common gestational trophoblastic disease. P57kip2 has been reported to be helpful in differentiating between partial and complete HMs. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the P57kip2 immunohistochemical (IHC) marker as a useful ancillary investigation to differentiate complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). Materials andMethods: Aretrospective study of all histologically diagnosed HM cases over a 20 year period was undertaken. Clinicopathological parameters were extracted from the surgical day book and medical record archives. Archival haematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of all cases of HM diagnosed within the study period were retrieved and reviewed. Cases of HM were reclassified using the P57kip2 IHC marker. The data obtained were analysed using the SPSS version 23. Results: One hundred cases of HMs were studied. CHM accounted for 68%, while PHM accounted for the remaining 32%. The incidence of HM was 2.98 cases per 1000 deliveries. The ratio of CHM to PHM was found to be 2.1:1. Seventy two per cent of the cases were diagnosed in the first trimester, while the remaining 28% were diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. Based on the P57kip2 IHC staining pattern, HM cases were finally reclassified into 68 cases of CHM and 32 cases of PHM. The age range for all the HM cases was 18–50 years with the majority of the cases seen in the third and fourth decades of life. Conclusion: P57kip2 could be useful as an ancillary investigation in confirming the diagnosis of CHM and differentiating it from PHM, particularly in difficult and challenging cases.Item Childhood ovarian neoplasms in Ibadan, South‑western Nigeria.(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016) Ajani, M. A.; Aramide, K. O.; Ajani, T. A.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.Childhood ovarian neoplasms are very rare. Little information is available on the relative pattern and frequency of these tumors in Nigerian children. Earlier study done in Ibadan involved ovarian neoplasms in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to review cases of ovarian neoplasms in childrenMaterials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. Twenty four cases of childhood ovarian neoplasms were seen in patientsResults: Childhood ovarian neoplasms accounted for 2.8% of all cases of ovarian tumors seen in this period. Fourteen (58.3%) cases of childhood ovarian neoplasms were benign, and 10 (41.7%) were malignant. Mature cystic teratoma occurring in 13 (54.2%) was the most common childhood ovarian neoplasm and was most prevalent between 10 and 14 years of age. Burkitt lymphoma was the most common 4 (40%) malignant childhood ovarian tumor and prevalent between 5 and 14 years of age. Conclusion: Mature cystic teratoma remains the single most common childhood ovarian neoplasms, and Burkitt’s lymphoma is the most malignant childhood ovarian tumor in Ibadan, South western Nigeria.