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Item INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRACTICES AND OTHER RELATED OFFENCES COMMISSION'S ANTI-CORRUPTION CAMPAIGNS AND GOOD GOVERNANCE DISPOSITIONS AMONG FEMALE CIVIL SERVANTS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2015) SAVAGE, O.Corrupt practices among Female Civil Servants (FCS) seem to be increasing despite the establishment of Anti-Corruption and Transparency Units (ACTUs) by the Independent Corrupt Practices and other related offences Commission (ICPC).The practice is compromising Good Governance Dispositions (GGDs) among the FCS. Literature has shown the extent to which ACTUs have achieved its objectives successfully in other states but the extent of its impacts on the enhancement of GGDs in Oyo state civil service has not been documented. This study, therefore, examines the impact of ACTUs on GGDs among FCS in Oyo state, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 22 ministries and departments in the civil service of Oyo state. Stratified and proportional sampling techniques were used to select 1,176 FCS while 10 ICPC officials were also purposively selected. Five instruments were used, namely, Good Governance Inventory (r= 0.93), Female Civil Servants Work Dispositions Scale (r= 0.73), Female Civil Servants‟ Anti- Corruption Campaign Awareness Scale (r= 0.92), Service Providers/Anti - corruption Campaign Methodology Scale (r= 0.93) and ICPC‟s Anti-Corruption Campaign Inventory (r= 0.82). These were complemented with five sessions of Key Informants Interview with ICPC officials. Three research questions were answered and six hypotheses tested at P=0.05. Data were analysed using percentages, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression and content analyses. The FCS‟s mean age was 39 ±10.03 while 58.0% and 42.0% had positive and negative good governance dispositions respectively. The ACTUs significantly predicted GGDs among the FCS in Oyo state ((6,1169) = 112.08, R= .60) and accounted for 36.0% of the variations in GGDs. The relative contributions of ACTUson the indices of GGDs were: respect for rule of law (β=.33), the practices of openness (β=.20), accountability (β=.13), social responsiveness (β= .12), integrity (β= -.09), and transparency (β=.05). Further, respect for rule of law (r=.53), openness in discharging responsibilities (r=.49), the practices of accountability (r=.45), social responsiveness to public need (r=.42), the practice of transparency (r=.40) and upholding of integrity (r=.36) had significant positive correlations with ACTUs.Whistle blowing (50.0%), pamphlets/hand-bills (40.3%), seminars/workshops (35.5%), posters (29.1%), radio jingles (20.0%) and bill-boards (10.0%) were ACTUs‟ information dissemination methods.The FCS perceived low adoption of interactive information dissemination method in enhancing their good governance dispositions. Independent Corrupt Practices and other related offences Commission‟s Anti-corruption campaign fairly contributed to good governance dispositions of female civil servants in Oyo state. Therefore, usage of radio-jingles, posters, and bill-boards should be more encouraged to improve the disposition of the FCS towards good governance.Item PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND FAMILY INTEGRATION AS DETERMINANTS OF PALLIATIVE CARE OF TERMINALLY-ILL PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN NIGERIA(2015) SANDA, M. O.Orthodox medical practice has brought about access to diagnosis and modern healthcare through the palliative care system to treat the terminally-ill, thereby improving their quality of life. This treatment of the terminally-ill utilises medical diagnostic interventions with little or no consideration for psychosocial supports and family integration which are at the core of the palliative care system. This study, therefore, investigated the psychosocial supports (diversional, behavioural, emotional, counselling services, companionship, spirituality, rehabilitative supports and regular visitation) and family integration (financial assistance, life-style modification and re-allocation of roles) as determinants of palliative care of terminally-ill patients at University College Hospital, (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design. The UCH was purposively selected. Proportionate and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select 587 respondents, namely, 183 health workers (50 doctors, 83 nurses, 24 physiotherapists and 26 social workers), 202 terminally-ill patients and 202 family caregivers from purposively selected eight wards and three out-patient clinics. Three instruments were used: Psychosocial Support Scale (r=0.67), Family Integration Scale (r=0.65) and Palliative Care Services Scale (r=0.71). These were complemented with ten sessions of in depth interview with the health workers, terminally-ill patients and family caregivers. Two research questions were answered and three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression and content analyses. The respondents were 218 male, and 369 female with age of 38.54, ±SD=9.78; with 202 terminally-ill patients; cancer (86), cardiac problems (42), neurological disorders (33), end stage kidney problems (22) and HIV/AIDS (19). Psychosocial supports and family integration significantly correlated with palliative care of the terminally-ill (F(12.189)= 25.25, R=.79); and jointly accounted for 62.0% of the variance in their palliative care. Psychosocial supports (β = .55) and family integration (β= .51) relatively contributed to the palliative care system. Components of psychological supports had significant positive relationship with palliative care as follows: emotional support (r=.69), diversional support (r=.54), behavioural support (r=.50) and counseling services (r=.45). Also, components of social supports had positive relationship with palliative care: regular visitation (r=.41), spirituality (r= .33), rehabilitative support (r= .308) and companionship (r= .066). Observed relationship among family integration factors and palliative care were: financial assistance (r=.65), life-style modification (r=.32) and reallocation of roles (r=.32). Problems facing the utilisation of palliative care system include: irregular training on palliative care for health workers (64.0%), problem of early diagnosis (62.0%), non-availability of pain control medication (58.2%) and non-affordability of treatment (23.0%). Patients expressed anxiety over the outcome of illness, difficulty in adaptation to life style modification and fear of death in the face of poor patient-health workers communication. Psychosocial support and family integration positively influenced palliative care system for the terminally-ill patients at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Therefore, adequate provision of funds, pain control medication and staff retraining are required to ensure effective treatment in palliative care. In addition, the terminally-ills and their family members should be appropriately counselled on the need for life-style modifications and role reallocation.Item SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF ADOLESCENTS IN FOSTER HOMES IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA(2015) OLUWAMOTEMI, C. A.Adolescents in Foster Homes (AFHs) often experience negative psychological and developmental problems, which have grave consequences on their Emotional Well-being (EWB) and Social Well-being (SWB), with an attendant effect on their future lifestyles. Previous studies have focused more on AFHs’ deviant behaviour, school adjustment and psychological well-being than on EWB and SWB as well as their predisposing factors. This study, therefore, determined the extent to which socio-environmental factors (peer influence, foster officials’ religious beliefs, media exposure, exposure to drug/substance use, neighbourhood characteristics, school climate and foster home climate) determined EWB and SWB of AFHs in Southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select 27 foster homes (nine public, 18 private) from the six states in Southwestern Nigeria. A combination of stratified, proportionate and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 575 AFHs inmates (339 boys, 236 girls). Socio-environmental Factors Scale (r=0.72), Emotional Well-being Scale (r=0.65), Social Well-being Scale (r=0.67) and Adolescent Fostering Scale (r=0.69) were used for the data collection. These were complemented with four Group Key Informant Interviews involving Chief Welfare Officers and assistants of four of the foster homes, and three Focus Group Discussions with AFHs. Four research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressions, while qualitative data were content analysed. Socio-environmental factors significantly influenced the EWB and SWB of AFHs (F(6,568) = 8.37, R= .29), accounting for 8.0% and 11.0% in the variance of EWB and SWB respectively. Foster home climate (β= 0.16), foster officials’ religious beliefs (β= 0.15), school climate (β= 0.13), peer influence (β= 0.91), media exposure (β= 0.09), neighbourhood characteristics (β= -0.23) and exposure to drug/substance use (β= -0.01) had relative contributions to EWB and SWB of AFHs. Furthermore, the socio-environmental factors correlated positively with the indices of emotional well-being of the AFHs as follows: self-concept (r= 0.09), self-esteem (r= 0.08), behavioural control (r= 0.07), stress management skills (r= 0.06) and resilience skills (r=0.06). Also, socio-environmental factors correlated positively with the indices of SWB as follows: environmental management skill (r= 0.08), sustained relationships (r= 0.07), good school performance (r= 0.07), assertiveness skills (r= 0.06), good social interaction (r= 0.06) and good communication skills (r= 0.05). The fostered boys had better EWB and SWB (x̅= 57.0, 60.3) than the girls (x̅= 54.9, 56.6), while the girls (x̅= 22.1) exhibited good social skills and trust than the boys (x̅= 18.0). Also, the private fostered adolescents (x̅ = 18.0) exhibited signs of greater comfort than those in the public homes (x̅ = 15.9). The AFHs were faced with the problems of attachment disorder, unhealthy development and low academic achievement. Foster home climate, foster officials’ religious beliefs, school climate, peer influence and media exposure positively influenced the emotional and social well-being of adolescents in foster homes in Southwestern Nigeria. Therefore, better social environment should be constantly sustained in foster care to ameliorate negative development of inmates.Item MOBILISATION STRATEGIES AND PROJECT PARTNERSHIP AS PREDICTORS OF SUSTAINABLE SELF-HELP PROJECTS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA(2012) OLAWUNI, A. O.Research evidence shows there is a dire need for the involvement and participation of people in every stage of self- help project lifecycle to ensure sustainability. In order to achieve this, emphasis should be placed on effective mobilisation strategies. Though there is vast literature on citizen mobilisation and participation in community development, there is little emphasis on the effectiveness of the actual mobilisation strategies adopted and the extent to which the local community people partner with other stakeholders at each stage of self-help project lifecycle. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which mobilisation strategies (Development information network, community education, popular theatre and age grade) and project partnership (initiation, planning and designing, funding, execution, monitoring and evaluation) predict sustainability of self-help projects in Oyo, Ogun and Ondo states of Southwestern Nigeria. The survey research design of the ex-post facto type was adopted. One thousand, two hundred and seventeen respondents were selected using proportional stratified random sampling technique. These comprise Political / Opinion leaders, 326; Religious leaders, 241; Youth leaders, 270; Non-governmental organisation officials, 102; Community members, 152 and Change-agents, 126. Three instruments: Mobilisation Strategies Scale, r=0.84; Project’s Partnership Scale, r=0.78; and Self- help Project’s Sustainability Scale, r=0.82; were used. These were complemented with six sessions each of Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews. Three research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression while content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Mobilisation strategies and project partnership significantly correlated, R=.402 with sustainability of self- help projects (F (5, 1211) = 29.957; p< 0.05) and with mobilisation strategies recording the highest contribution. They jointly accounted for 16% to the variance of the dependent measure. Relatively, mobilisation strategies contributed as follows: Development information network (β = .244); community education (β = .157); popular theatre (β = -.108); and age grade (β = .090). While project partnership factors ranked in the following order: project initiation (β =0.407; t=13.804 P<0.05); planning and designing (β=0.143; t=4.998; P<0.05); funding (β =-.290; t=-9.018; P<0.05); execution (β=-5.593E-02; t=-2.616; P<0.05); monitoring and evaluation (β=0.108; t=5.807; P<0.05). Further, the results revealed that mobilisation strategies were adopted for use as ranked: Development information network (β=25.13); Community education (β=23.29); Popular theatre (β =33.13); and Age grade (β=29.84). The Qualitative findings further showed that participants believed the usage of appropriate mobilisation strategy and maximum cooperation with development partners were essential ingredients for self- help project’s sustainability and that, project initiation was the joint effort of community developers; community people were empowered through acquisition of skills; effective provision of development information helped in sharing of ideas. Development information network, community education, popular theatre and age grade were effective mobilisation strategies for enhancing optimum citizen participation in all stages of projects’ life cycle. Therefore, developmental planners should give priority to elements of mobilisation strategies that could bring about full involvement and cooperation of the local community in every stage of projects in Southwestern Nigeria.Item JOB-RELATED STRESSORS, EMPLOYEES' PERSONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF JOB PERFORMANCE IN THE CIVIL SERVICE OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2014) SALAMI, L. O.The civil service job performance profile revealed arrays of complacency and absenteeism. This problem has been attributed partially to a mismatch in job demands, work environment, and individual abilities and behavioural pattern. Previous studies have focused on each isolated effects rather than on the multivariate impacts of the combination of these predisposing factors. This study, therefore, examined the prediction of job-related stressors, employees’ personal and organisational factors on job performance in the civil service of Oyo State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. The combination of proportional, purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques was used in selecting 1867 civil servants (342 cadre 13 and above, 657 cadre 7- 12 and 870 cadre 1- 6) based on the size of the 10 ministries, seven departments and five agencies used. Job- Related Stressors Questionnaire (r=0.80), Employees’ Personal Factors Scale (r=0.89), Organisational Factors Scale (r=0.84) and Civil Servants’ Performance Rating Scale (r=0.76) were used to collect information from the respondents. These were complemented with 18 sessions of Indepth Interviews with civil servants; three each across the three cadres in two ministries, departments and agencies respectively. Two research questions were answered and four hypotheses tested at 0.05 significance level. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s product moment correlation, t-test, multiple regression and content analysis. Job-related stressors, employees’ personal and organisational factors had a positive significant prediction on civil service job performance in Oyo State (F(13, 1848)=83.376) and contributed 36.5% to its variance. Their relative contributions were: employees’ personal factors (β=0.11), organisational factors (β=0.09) and Job-related stressors (β=-0.04). However, job-related stressors correlated relatively with job performance as follows: workload (r=0.23), drive for greater effectiveness (r=0.23), workpace (r=0.19) and poor job skills (r=0.16). Also employees’ personal factors correlated relatively with job performance as ranked: coping skills (r=0.46), demographic characteristics (r=0.44), work-life conflict (r=0.39) and personality traits (r=0.37). While the relative correlation of organisational factors were: organisational structure (r=0.42), changes within the service (r=0.38), reward system (r=0.37) and organisational culture (r=0.25). There were significant differences in observed performance across departments (F(6, 1855)=2.136) and ministries (F(9, 1852)=2.129) sampled. The work environment was perceived not to be flexible enough to accommodate innovations and creativity. The coping skills, abilities, traits and characteristics of individual were not taken into cognizance in assigning responsibilities. Job-related stressors, employees’ personal and organisational factors positively predicted job performance of civil servants in Oyo State. Therefore, there is the need for greater considerations for the combinations of the three factors when job schedules are assigned to civil servants. There is also the need to ensure proper fits between individuals and their work environment in order to reduce the rate of work-life conflicts.Item COMMUNITY BASED INSTITUTIONS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES AS PREDICTORS OF PEACE-BUILDING IN COMMUNITIES OF THE NIGER DELTA REGION, NIGERIA(2013) OYITSO, M. O.The reported neglect of the region over the years and resultant agitations and communal unrest has led to destruction of lives and properties. Past efforts at resolving the crises have focused on the multinational activities and interventions, government interventions and youth empowerment programmes without considering the use of community based institutions and cultural practices. Yet these institutions and cultural practices have been found to be effective mechanism for conflict resolution. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which community- based institutions (traditional councils of chiefs, peace committees, age grade system, stakeholders‟ meetings and community development committees) and cultural practices (oath taking, taboo system, oracle consultation and festivals) predict peace-building in the Niger Delta Region. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Stratified proportional random sampling technique was used to select 1466 respondents (71 traditional rulers, 830 adult inhabitants, 410 youths, 90 nongovernmental organisation officials, 65 community development committee members (CDC)) from three local government areas in each of Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers States. Three instruments were used namely Community Based-Institutions and Peace-building questionnaire (r= 0.76), Cultural Practices and Peace-building questionnaire (r=0.84) and Communal Peace-building questionnaire (r=0.79). These were complemented with 13 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and three sessions of Key Informant Interview (KII) held with a chief, health officer and head of the joint security task force. Seven research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Multiple regression analysis, t-test and percentages were used for data analysis. Content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Community based institutions and cultural practices correlated positively with peace-building in the region(R= 0.832) and they jointly explained 69.1%, the variance in the dependent measure. The order of the relative contributions of the factors to peace-building is as follows: oath taking (β=.450), taboo system (β=.358), festival (β=.199), age grade system (β=.112), oracle consultation (β=.076), community development committee (β=.061), peace committee (β=.049), traditional council of chiefs (β=.048) and stakeholder‟s meeting (β=.043). All the nine factors predicted peace-building in the region: traditional council of chiefs (B=-.021; t= 2.403; p<.05), peace committee (B=-.027; t= 2.61 p< 0.05); taboo system (B=1.650, t= 14.176; p<.05), festival (B=.948; t=7.811; p<.05); oracle consultation B=.953; t= 5.216; p<.05), oath taking, (B=2.269 t=29.619; p<.05), age-grade system (B=-.055; t= 6.152; p<.05), stakeholders‟ meeting (B=-.01929; t=2.282; p<.05) and community development committee (B=-.314; t=3.279; p<.05). FGD and KII revealed that the use of community-based institutions and cultural practices would bring peace, unity and development to the region and the people believed that community based institutions are more effective in peace-building than government instituted structures. Also, cultural practices are means of bringing people together and help in curbing crisis in the communities. Community-based institutions enhanced peace-building more than cultural practices in the Niger Delta region. Therefore, all components of community based institutions and cultural practices should be strengthened through training of leaders of various groups on the rudiment of peace-building. It is also recommended that these group leaders be involved in the process of conflict management.Item SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION OF FEMALES IN PART-TIME NCE PROGRAMMES IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA(2013) SANNI, O. B.The scraping of the Teachers Grade II certificate programme places great responsibilities on Nigerian Colleges of Education (COEs) in providing manpower with the minimum entry qualification to enter into the teaching profession in the country. The increasing demands for the Nigeria Certificate of Education (NCE) have forced COEs to establish part-time programmes with flexible admission criteria. Despite this, there exists low participation of women in these programmes; a situation partly attributed to the dominance of socio-cultural and economic factors. Although, studies exist on students’ participation in part-time NCE programmes, none has specifically focused on how socio-cultural and economic factors determine female participation in the programme. This study, therefore, investigated socio-cultural and economic factors as determinants of participation of female students in part-time NCE programmes in South-Western Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. The multi-stage random sampling procedure was used in selecting 1024 female NCE students in Cohorts 1 – 4 in the School of Education across four centres each from three selected COEs. Data were collected using Female Participation Questionnaire with five sub-scales: Social Factors Scale (r = 0.81), Cultural Factors Scale (r = 0.93), Economic Factors Scale (r = 0.74), Participation Scale (r = 0.69) and Females Academic Performance Scale (r = 0.86). This was complemented with 12 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with selected female part-time NCE learners. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and content analysis. Socio-cultural and economic factors significantly correlated with participation of female students in part-time NCE programmes (F (3, 1021) = 146.25, R2 = 0.50; p < 0.05); with relative contributions as ranked: economic factors (β = 0.52), social factors (β = 0.20) and cultural factors (β = 0.30). Social factors contributions in order of magnitude were parents encouragement (β = 0.89), parental level of education (β = 0.84), peers’ influence (β = 0.81), family background (β = 0.73), availability of female role models (β = 0.70), spouse level of education (β = 0.27), spouse’s encouragement (β = 0.11). Similarly, cultural factors’ contributions were: submissiveness to parental instructions (β = 0. 86), gender identity/labelling (β = 0.69), house responsibilities/chores (β = 0.20), spouse instructions (β = 0.14), practice of female seclusion (β = 0.10), early marriage (β = 0.09). Also, relative contributions of economic factors were: financial support (β = 0.51), parental occupation (β = 0.42), spouse occupation (β = 0.35) and cost of programme (β = 0.23). FGD revealed that marriage is the bane of their schooling. However, the motivating impetus for female participation in the programmes are the encouragement from parents, peers, role models and availability of financial supports. Parental background, encouragement, level of education, peers’ influence, availability of female role models, and availability of financial support were potent factors in enhancing participation of females in part-time Nigerian Certificate of Education programme. Therefore, there is the need for less culture-consciousness and spousal sensitization as well as reduction in cost of schooling to encourage participation of females in part-time Nigerian Certificate of Education programmes.Item INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROGRAMMES OF MULTINATIONAL OIL CORPORATIONS ON HOST COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA(2013) OKOJI, O. O.The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) embraces the notion that Multinational Oil Corporations (MNCs) have moral and ethical responsibilities to their host communities. Though past studies on Niger Delta are vast and have generally focused on the activities of MNCs, such as community development programmes, peace building, provision of infrastructural facilities, little attention has been paid to their CSR. The study, therefore, investigated the influence of CSR programmes (Poverty alleviation, vocational scheme, healthcare scheme, infrastructural provision, and peace building) of MNCs on the development of selected host communities in South-south, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design of ex post facto study type. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1126 residents from 12 host communities in Akwa Ibom (AI) and Rivers states (RS), the states were selected because the MNCs operate mainly in the states. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 officials each from Exxon Mobil and Total Exploration. The CSR Inventory (r = 0.74) and Host Communities’ Development Assessment Scale (r = 0.71) were used. These were complemented with 24 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) held with residents of the host communities. Four research questions and three hypotheses were answered and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using mean, t – test and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. Qualitative data were content analysed. Poverty alleviation, vocational scheme, healthcare scheme, infrastructural provision, educational development and peace building programmes of the MNCs had a significant low relationship with development in the host communities (r = 0.019; p< 0.05). The relationship between each of the CSR programmes and development in the host communities were as follows: Poverty alleviation (r = -0.011; p >0.05), vocational scheme (r = 0.005; p> 0.05), health care (r = -0.014; p>0.05) infrastructure provision(r = 0.001; p>0.05) educational development (r = 0.025; p>0.05) and peace building (r = 0.029; p>0.05). The Corporate Social Responsibility of MNCs conformed to the standards of CSR as follows: corporate integrity (x̅=3.67), commitment (x̅ =3.69) and morality (x̅ = 3.23). Significant difference was found between the impacts of the programmes in Rivers and Akwa Ibom States (Crit- t = 1.96; Cal.t = 3.134, df = 1126; p< 0.05). The CSR programmes impacted more on Rivers State in all the programmes than in Akwa Ibom State. The results of the CSR programmes of the MNC in the two states were as follows; Poverty alleviation, AI (x̅ = 12.4000); RS (x̅ = 13.5389). Vocational skills, AI (x̅=16.7625); RS (x̅ =19.4329); Healthcare, AI (x̅= 6.9089); RS (x̅= 7.3905); Infrastructure, AI (x̅= 5.6482); RS (𝑋 = 6.4346); Educational development, AI (x̅= 12.4161); RS (x̅=14.1307); Peace building, AI (x̅=3.8589), RS (x̅=3.8993). The level of participation of host communities in the programmes of MNCs in South-south was low despite efforts of the corporations to improve their living conditions. Thus, for the programmes to be successful, the host communities should be involved in the planning and identification of priorities of needs before programmes execution.Item EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLLEGIATE SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATION IN COLLEGES OF MEDICINE IN NIGERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES(2012) ITAKPE, M. A.The collegiate system of administration was introduced into the Nigerian university system to ensure synchronization, decentralization and democratization of operations and devolution of powers. It is expected to aid the process of decision making and implementation as against the bureaucratic problems associated with the faculty system of administration. In spite of these advantages, the collegiate system in Nigeria universities is practised only in the colleges of medicine. Even in these colleges, little priority has been given to independent assessment of the system. This study, therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of the collegiate system of administration in Colleges of Medicine in Nigerian Federal Universities. The study adopted survey research design. Two thousand, two hundred and twenty-eight respondents consisting of 385 management, 748 academic, and 1095 non-academic members of staff were selected using stratified random sampling technique from the Universities of Ibadan, Benin and Nsukka. Collegiate System of Administration Assessment Scale with six sub-scales: Decentralisation, Devolution of Powers and Delegation Scale (r = 0.73), Decision making and Implementation Scale (r = 0.69), University Image Scale (r = 0.82), Expansion of Scale of Operations Scale (r = 0.88), Coordination and Cross- Fertilisation of Disciplines Scale (r = 0.91) and Assessment of Resources Requirements Scale (r = 0.78), was used. These were complemented with nine Key Informant Interview (KII) sessions with the sampled staff. Five research questions were raised and answered. Quantitative/qualitative data were analyzed using chi square and content analysis respectively. A high percentage of respondents were of the opinion that collegiate system of administration was effective for decentralization of university operations (85%), devolution of powers (83%) and delegation of authority and responsibility (82%). Acceleration of the process of decision making and implementation accounted for (84%) coordination and cross fertilization of related disciplines (84%) and realization of the academic objectives of the universities (86%). Among the three colleges sampled, respondents from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan were most favourably disposed to the collegiate system of administration in terms of decentralization of university operations (x2 =28.41, df = 6 p<0.05) devolution of powers (x2 =13.42, df = 6 p<0.05), acceleration of the process of decision making and implementation (x2 = 14.72 df = 6 p<0.05). The KII showed that the respondents, generally, were favourably disposed to collegiate system of administrations. Moreover, they were of the opinion that the system had impacted positively on the administration of colleges of medicine in Nigerian federal universities but that there is evidence of lack of proper understanding of the rules guiding the system. The collegiate system positively enhanced the decision making and implementation, decentralization, devolution of powers, delegation of authority, cross-fertilization of disciplines, images of universities and their colleges of medicine and the expansion of scale of their operations. Therefore, Government and the university management should ensure that every arm of the federal universities in Nigeria embrace the use of the collegiate system of administration, while the training and retraining of staff should be vigorously pursued to ensure proper effectiveness of the system.Item LABOUR INSPECTION VARIABLES AS CORRELATES OF DECENT WORK AGENDA IN EXTRACTIVE AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES, NIGERIA(2011) AJAKAYE, S. O.In response to daunting global challenges of quality of work life (QWL), the International Labour Organisation (ILO) initiated Decent Work Agenda (DWA), (suitable and productive working environment), to protect vulnerable employees and the working poor. Although previous studies have focused more on sweeping labour standards violations at work, they do not examine labour inspection (LI) system as a potent instrument for implementing DWA towards improving QWL. This study, therefore, investigated the extent to which LI variables (LI visits, labour law enforcement, safety monitoring, industrial relations, dispute resolution, intelligence monitoring) influenced compliance with DWA in selected extractive and manufacturing industries. The Descriptive survey research design of the ex post facto type was adopted. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select 1033 employees from 8 industries on the basis of minimum number of 50 employees in each organisation (456-Extractive Industry; 557-Manufacturing Industry), in Lagos and Ogun states given the high concentration of industries in the two states. Two instruments: LI Questionnaire (r = 0.75) and DWA Scale (r = 0.82) were used for data collection. These were complemented with a semi-structured Interview Guide. Thirteen In-depth Interview (IDI) sessions were held with Labour Officers, Personnel Officers and Union Leaders. Four research questions were raised and answered and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data from the questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, t-Test and Multiple regression.IDI data were content analysed. LI variables significantly correlated (R=.61) with DWA (F (5, 1032) = 148.03; p<0.05) and accounted for 36% variance in the dependent measure. Components of LI contributed to DWA as follows: LI visit (β = 0.42), labour law enforcement (β = 0.40), safety monitoring (β = 0.26), industrial relations (β = 0.21), dispute resolution (β = 0.19) and intelligence monitoring (β = 0.15). LI correlated with the components of DWA as follows: Employment issues (r = 0.45), Promotion of rights at work (r = 0.42), Social protection issues (r = 0.33) and Social dialogue (r = 0.24). Further, the mediatory functions of governmental and institutional factors significantly correlated (R=.710) with the impacts of LI on DWA (F (2, 1031) = 254.53; p< 0.05). Relatively, their effects were in the following order: Policy support (β = 0.42), Resources (β = 0.38), Political will (β = 0.06) and Institutional capacity (β = 0.03). No significant difference was observed between extractive and manufacturing industries on decent work agenda (t = 0.23, df= 1031; p>0.05). The IDI result revealed poor labour inspection performance resulting in high decent work deficits in the examined industries. Labour inspection, supported by governmental and institutional factors remains a veritable tool for engendering DWA in extractive and manufacturing industries. Therefore, government and other stakeholders should give these factors priority attention to promote suitable working environment. Future studies could probe into why extractive industry is not more hazardous than manufacturing industry in Nigeria as revealed in this study.