AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
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Item Physical Characterisation of Two Varieties of Bambara Groundnut Seeds(Adeleke University, 2022) Aremu, A. K.; Ojo-Ariyo, A. M.; Oyefeso, B. O.Some physical attributes of two selected varieties of Bambara groundnut seeds grown in Nigeria were determined in this study. Standard methods were used to determine the selected properties which include linear dimensions, surface area, mass, volume, density, sphericity, porosity and coefficients of friction of the seeds on plywood, galvanized iron and aluminium surfaces. Length, width and thickness were within the ranges of 13.41-14.40 mm, 12.00-12.89 mm and 11.36- 11.99 mm, respectively for cream variety and 12.54-13.91 mm, 11.16-12.28 mm and 10.51-11.46 mm, respectively for light brown variety. Surface area of the seeds and volume were within the ranges of 507.94-588.45 mm2 and 1077.59-1351.79 mm3, respectively for cream variety, and 443.05-880.63 mm2 and 541.47-1191.18 mm3, respectively for light brown variety. The thousand seed mass ranged from 833.20 to 1116.93 g and 718.97 to 863.83 g for cream and light brown varieties respectively. Bulk density ranged from 0.71 to 0.79 g/cm3 and 0.71 to 0.77 g/cm3 for cream and light brown varieties respectively. The results showed that that the cream variety is larger and heavier than the light brown. Variations in true density and porosity of the seeds were sinusoidal in nature as moisture content increased for both varieties. Frictional coefficients on the three surfaces increased with moisture content. The investigated physical attributes were dependent on the amount of moisture in the seeds. The results from this study are useful in the development of handling and processing equipment for Bambara groundnut seeds.Item Selected mechanical properties of Banbara groundnut seeds under compressive loading(LAUTECH, 2022) Aremu, A. K.; Ojo-Ariyo, A. M.; Oyefeso, B. O.Knowledge of mechanical properties of agricultural materials is useful in the development of equipment for processing and handling them.Selected mechanical propertiesnamely rupture force, maximum deformation at rupture point, hardness and toughness of cream and light brown varieties of Bambara groundnut (BGN) seeds were determined at four moisture levels (5, 15, 25 and 35% dry basis) under compressive loading alongaxial and longitudinal orientations.Rupture force, deformation, hardness and toughness of BGN seedswere within the ranges 45.58-438.55 N, 0.31-5.71 mm,14.61-448.55 Nmm-1 and0.01-1.02J, respectively. Rupture force, deformation and toughnessof the seeds had interplay of increasing and deceasing trends while hardness decreased consistently as moisture content increased from 5% to 35%.The cream variety withstood higher rupture force and deformed more without failure than the light brown variety within moisture content range of 5-25% along both loading orientations.Bothvarieties demonstrated greater hardness when loaded along the longitudinal orientations than the axially loaded samples. All the investigatedproperties were dependent on moisture content andorientationof loading. Predictive mathematical models forestimating the investigated properties at different moisture contents with reasonable accuracy were also established in this study.Item Design, construction and performance evaluation of a rice destoner(CIGR, 2018) Aremu, A. K.; Oyefeso, B. O.; Ajao, T. O.; Ojo, K.; Egbunu, J. O.The market price of local rice in the market is significantly determined by its quality which is dependent on the level of cleaning and some other processing operations. Hence, the need to improve the quality of rice, increase production and reduce human labour has brought about the development of rice destoning machine. Therefore, this study aimed at designing, fabricating and evaluating the performance of a rice destoner. The design was based on the principle of material separation and was constructed from locally-available materials. The machine was powered by a 2hp electric motor and three vibrating screens of varying apertures were used for the upper, middle and lower screens. The machine had an average capacity of 130 kg/h. The performance of the machine was evaluated with 10 kg of Ofada rice at 11, 21 and 25% moisture content (dry basis) and 10 kg of Faro 55 rice at 14, 22 and 27% moisture content (dry basis). The results showed that separation efficiency decreased as the moisture content of rice decreased for both varieties. Cleaning of rice at low moisture content is recommended for optimum performance of the destoner.