AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Physical properties

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    Size and shape characterization of Tacca Involucrata Tubers
    (LAUTECH, 2021) Oyefeso, B. O.
    Physical properties of crops are useful for proper design of processing machines and handling equipment. This study was designed to determine selected size and shape characteristics of tacca tubers using standard procedures. The physical characteristics determined include geometrical attributes, gravimetric properties and shape indicators. Length, width, thickness, Arithmetic Mean Diameter, Geometric Mean Diameter and Equivalent Mean Diameter of tacca tubers ranged from 34.81-114.24, 20.05-94.58, 22.48-87.81, 29.72-97.92, 28.82-97.36 and 29.51-97.38 mm, respectively. Projected areas along the three mutually-perpendicular axes ranged from 6.03-80.35, 5.89-61.48 and 8.40-82.79 cm2 respectively. Surface area and criterion area ranged from 26.10-297.88 and 6.77-74.87 cm2 respectively. Mass, volume and density ranged from 14.80-566.40 g, 13.00-460.00 cm3 and 915.15-2,625.00 kg/m3 respectively. Shape characteristics namely sphericity, aspect ratio, shape index, eccentricity and elongation ratio ranged from 60.32-99.03%, 0.52-0.99, 1.01-2.47, 0.11-0.85 and 1.01-1.91 respectively. Volume of the assumed ellipsoid shape was closer to the actual volume, indicating that tacca tubers are closer to being ellipsoidal in shape. The study has provided information that could serve as a guide in the design of systems for sorting, processing and handling tacca tubers.
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    Estimating Mass and Volume of Nigerian Grown Sweet and Irish Potato Tubers using their Geometrical Attributes
    (Adeleke University, 2018) Oyefeso, B. O.; Raji, A. O.
    Sweet and Irish potato are tuber crops which have been domesticated and cultivated in different parts of the world including Nigeria. They are often prepared in various ways for food. A good knowledge of the physical properties of these tuber crops will enhance proper design of post-harvest processing machines and handling equipment with high level of performance. Also, functional relationships established between the various physical properties of these crops could assist in ensuring proper handling and more efficient and economical processing. This study was therefore, aimed at developing mathematical models for predicting the mass and volume of sweet and Irish potato tubers using some of their geometrical attributes. The research was conducted on fresh sweet and Irish potato tubers which were sorted into four fractions based on their individual mass. The physical characteristics measured include the mass, volume, linear dimensions (length, width and thickness) and the projected areas taken along the three mutually-perpendicular axes. The models were divided into three classifications namely: single and multiple variable regression models based on linear dimensions; single and multiple variable regression models based on the projected areas; single variable regression models based on mass or volume. Mass and volume models based on the projected areas and the volume were the best models for both crops. The highest coefficient of determination (R2) for sweet potato was obtained for mass model based on the projected area along the longitudinal plane (R2 = 0.981) while mass model expressed on the basis of the multiple regression of the three linear dimensions performed best (R2 = 0.968) for Irish potato. This study provided useful information that can help in the design of systems for handling and processing of sweet and Irish potato tubers.
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    Selected physical and thermal properties of Sheri mango see kernels
    (Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers South West Zone, 2024) Oyefeso, B. O.; Abdulsalam, A. O.; Akintola, A.
    Sheri mango is a widely cultivated tropical fruit with economic and nutritional significance. However, post-harvest losses due to improper drying and storage are a major concern. The quest for sustainable and efficient use of agricultural by-products is ever growing, with mango seeds being no exception, studying selected thermal and physical properties of Sheri mango seed kernel will enhance its processing. This study was therefore aimed to investigate some physical and thermal properties of Sheri mango seeds to provide a database that can serve as a guide for its processing. Sheri mango seeds used in this study were obtained from overripe mango. The seeds were then carefully cracked to avoid damage. The moisture content was determined using the oven-drying method. The properties determined include the principal diameters, geometric and arithmetic mean diameters, mass, volume, density, thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity. An average moisture content (dry basis) of 46% was obtained for the seed kernel. The Sheri mango seed kernels had major, intermediate and minor diameters within the ranges of 47.2-62.70, 11.4-15.7 and 15.1-34.6 mm, respectively while the arithmetic and geometric mean diameters ranged between 21.80 and 37.10 mm. Gravimetric properties such as the average mass, volume and density were 25.024±1.23 g, 18.52±1.52 cm3 and 1.36±0.12 g/cm3, respectively. The average thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity were 0.2786 W/m-k and 395.781 °C-cm/W, respectively. The physical properties suggest that the kernels are relatively large, which could impact their drying time and method of processing. The size also implies that the kernels have a substantial volume, which may be beneficial if the kernels are being processed for oil extraction or other value-added products. The thermal properties of Sheri mango kernels obtained indicate a moderate ability to transfer heat which can be tailored towards adjusting the processing methods to ensure optimal quality and efficiency