Biochemistry
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Item Indole-3-propionic acid mitigates chlorpyrifos-mediated neurotoxicity by modulating cholinergic and redox-regulatory systems, inflammatory stress, apoptotic responses and DNA damage in rats(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Owumi, S. E.; Adedara, I. A.; Oyelere, A. K.This study probed the neuroprotective influence of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) alone at 5 mg/kg body weight or co-administered with IPA at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg for 14 days. Behavioral data indicated that IPA significantly (p < 0.05) abated CPF-mediated anxiogenic-like behaviors with concomitant improvement in the locomotor and exploratory behaviors as substantiated by track plots and heat maps data. Also, IPA mitigated CPF-mediated diminution in cholinergic and antioxidant defense systems whereas it mark- edly improved thioredoxin level and thioredoxin reductase activity in cerebral and cerebellar tissues of the animals. Co-administration of IPA significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 but sup- pressed oxidative and inflammatory stress, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation with concomitant reduction in 8- hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level and histological damage. Collectively, IPA-mediated neuro- protection involves modulation of cholinergic and redox-regulatory systems, inflammatory stress, apoptotic re- sponses and DNA damage in cerebrum and cerebellum of rats.Item Neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in Nauphoeta cinerea following dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos(Elsevier Inc., 2016) Adedara, I. A.; Rosemberg, D. B.; Souza, D.; Farombi, E. O.; Aschner, M.; Souza, D. O.; Rocha, J. B. T.The present study aimed to increase our understanding about the mode of toxic action of organophosphate pesticides in insects by evaluating the biochemical and neurobehavioral characteristics in Nauphoeta cinerea exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF)-contaminated diet. The insects were exposed for 35 consecutive days to CPF at 0.078, 0.15625, 0.3125 and 0.625 μg/g feed. Locomotor behavior was assessed for a 10-min trial in a novel arena and subsequently, biochemical analyses were carried out using the cockroaches’ heads. In comparison to control, CPF-exposed cockroaches showed significant decreases in the total distance traveled, body rotation, turn angle and meandering, along with significant increase in the number of falls, time and episodes of immobility. The marked decrease in the exploratory profiles of CPF-exposed cockroaches was confirmed by track plots, whereas occupancy plot analyses showed a progressive dispersion at 0.15625 μg/g feed group. Moreover, the heads of CPF-exposed cockroaches showed marked decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant status with concomitant significant elevation in dichlorofluorescein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels in CPF-treated cockroaches. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analyses revealed bioaccumulation of CPF in cockroaches exposed to concentrations above 0.078 μg/g feed. The findings from this investigation showed N. cinerea as a value model organism for the risk assessment of environmental organophosphate contamination in insects.