Chemical pathology

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Progesterone, selected heavy metals and micronutrients in pregnant Nigerian women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion
(Makerere University, Medical School, 2012-06) Ajayi, O. O.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Arinola, O. G.
Background: Environmental and endocrine factors have been implicated in the aetiology of recurrent abortion, with poorly understood roles. Luteal phase insufficiency marked with insufficient progesterone secretion has been reported. Objective: To define the involvement of progesterone, trace metals, and Vitamin E in pregnant women with history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to recruit 69 pregnant women aged 21-41 years with gestational age of 0-20 weeks in this case-control study. Thirty five (cases) and thirty four (controls) had previous and no history of recurrent spontaneous abortion respectively. Demographic characteristics and 10mls of blood samples were obtained from each subject. Serum obtained was used for the determination of progesterone, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, magnesium, manganese, chromium, lead, cadmium, and serum vitamin E by standard methods. Results: Results showed statistically significant decreases (p<0.05) in the serum zinc, copper, and vitamin E and a significant elevation (p<0.05) in the serum selenium, lead, and cadmium in cases compared with controls. Insignificant decrease (p=0.07) was observed in the serum progesterone when cases were compared with controls. Conclusion: Results suggest that elevated serum heavy metals (cadmium and lead) and reduction of essential micronutrients (zinc, copper and vitamin E) may contribute to recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Relationship between testosterone, oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant levels in male auto-mechanics in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, 2016) Balogun, A. M.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Chikezie, I. C.; Okoli, S. U.
Hypogonadism attributable to males with metabolic syndrome was observed in automechanics occupationally exposed to mixed chemicals accompanied by oxidative stress (OS). We evaluated association between testosterone, OS biomarkers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in normal weight automechanics in Ibadan. This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 100 normal weight males aged 18 – 60 years. They were 50 automechanics in Ibadan, age and anthropometry matched with 50 eugonadic males from University College Hospital and environs (controls). Demographic, anthropometry, social habits and dietary history were obtained by standard methods. Blood (10mL) was collected and serum/plasma was used for biochemical analyses. Enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione -S- transferase (GST); non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), selenium and zinc), OS biomarkers (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxides (TPP) and oxidative Stress index (OSI) were estimated spectrophotometrically. Testosterone was assayed by enzyme immunoassay method (Dialab, Austria). Student’s t-test, Chi-square test and multiple regression were used for comparisons, associations and relationships respectively, which were significant at P<0.05. Testosterone, TPP, OSI, GST, MDA, H2O2, selenium and zinc concentrations were significantly higher while catalase and SOD concentrations were lower in automechanics than controls (P<0.05). However, testosterone levels in both groups were within the normal reference interval. TAC, OSI and GSH had significantly negative relationship while TPP had positive relationship with years at occupation in automechanics only (P<0.05). Automechanics may have OS but not hypogonadism probably due to increased antioxidant intake.