Chemical pathology

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The serum levels of trace metals in Nigerian males with different PSA values
(2008-08) Arinola, O. G.; Charles-Davies, M. A.
Prostate cancer (PCa), the primary disease of men over 50 years of age is on the increase worldwide. Most PCa grows slowly from overt clinical disease to the stage that lead to death. The gradual course of PCA development provides opportunity for intervention. Supplement of diet taken by PCa patients may be an effective intervention because certain micronutrients had been implicated in cancer prevention. The present study is designed to determine the levels of trace metals in 80 Nigeria males having different concentrations of serum prostate surface antigen (PSA) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The serum levels of PSA were measured with Beckman Coulter Access Immunoassay automated machine. Subjects with PSA values 5-10ng/ml had significantly high serum levels of Zn, Fe, Cd and Mn but significantly low level of Se compared with the controls (PSA 0- 4ng/ml). Subjects with PSA >10ng/ml had significantly low levels of Mn, Mg and Se compared with the controls. Subjects with PSA values 5-10ng/ml had significantly reduced level of Se compared with subjects with PSA >10ng/ml. Only Se was low in all subjects with PSA >4ng/ml, therefore there is a possibility that Se intake may reduce the risk and progression of PCA.
Oestrogen levels and humoral immune parameters in Nigerian breast cancer patients
(2009-09) Etuk, A. I.; Charles-Davies, M. A .; Arinola, O. G.
Objectives: Endocrine and immune interactions mediate breast cancer which is currently incurable. This study attempts at elucidating mechanisms by which breast cancer progresses by determining the levels of oestradiol and humoral immune parameters at different stages of breast cancer compared with women without breast cancer. Patients and Methods: 59 subjects (29 breast cancer attending Surgery Clinics of 2 teaching hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria and 30 controls) aged 23-82 years were recruited using convenience sampling. Serum was obtained from 10ml of fasting blood from each subject and stored frozen at -20“C until analysis. Oestradiol and albumin were estimated using commercial kits (Adaltis Italia S.P.A and Biolab SA, Maizy, France) respectively. Haptoglobin, alpha-2- macroglobulin, caeruloplasmin, IgG, IgA, IgM were analysed by single radial iinmuno-diffusion method. SPSS version 10 was used for statistical analysis. Main Results: Oestradiol, haptoglobin and caeruloplasmin were significantly increased in premenopausal breast cancer patients compared with premenopausal controls, while only oestradiol was significantly increased in postmenopausal breast cancer patients compared with postmenopausal controls. Moreover, IgM, haptoglobin and caeruloplasmin were significantly reduced in stage III breast cancer patients compared with stages II and IV breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Although inflammation is common to all stages of breast cancer, immunosuppression is most pronounced in breast cancer patients in stage III of the disease.
Micronutrient levels in the plasma of Nigerian females with breast cancer
(Academic Journals, 2008-06) Arinola, O. G.; Charles-Davies, M. A.
Background: Breast milk is important for the overall well-being of infants. Although lactation is relatively robust in the face of poor nutrition, the implication of poor nutrition on non-nutritive factors in breast milk is inconclusive. Objective: This study was designed to find associations between nutritional and immune factors in maternal blood and breast milk with the aim to improve the needed public and individual strategies for a healthy infant. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 61 lactating Nigerian women aged 23-40years within the first 3 months postpartum. Anthropometric measurements were obtained while nutritional factors (total protein, albumin) and immunoglobulin classes (IgG, A and M) were estimated by Biuret, Bromocresol green and single radial immunodiffusion methods respectively in maternal plasma and breast milk. Results: Most (73.5%) of the lactating mothers had normal mean body mass index (i.e. not under weight nor obese) and the mean levels of plasma total protein, albumin, IgG, IgA and IgM were within normal reference ranges in these mothers. Nutritional and immunological indices increase in the plasma with length of lactation but decrease in breast milk with lactation. There were no correlation between BMI, plasma indices and milk indices in these lactating mothers. Conclusion: This study supports the superiority of colostrum over transitional or matured milk for the protection and nourishment of infants.
Combination of reduced levels of serum albumin and alpha-2-macroglobulin differentiates newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients from patients on chemotherapy
(2009) Adedapo, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Ige, O. M.; Adedapo, A. D. A.
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is global disease affecting about one third of the world’s population with its attendant mortality and morbidity. Acute phase proteins have been used in monitoring the progression of infections but not in relation to PTB in this environment. The levels of total protein, albumin, α-2-macroglobulin, transferrin, and haptoglobulin were determined in 23 patients with PTB and 17- age / sex matched PTB-free controls using spectrophotometric and immunodiffusion methods respectively. The result showed that α-2-macroglobulin was significantly raised in PTB patients compared with controls (p<0.001), while the levels of transferrin and albumin were significantly reduced in PTB patients compared with the controls (p<0.001,0.000 respectively). The levels of α-2-macroglobulin and albumin were significantly raised in PTB patients on treatment compared with newly diagnosed PTB patients (p=0.05, p=0.01 respectively). The combination of reduced levels of albumin and α-2-macroglobulin may be used to differentiate newly diagnosed PTB and those on chemotherapy

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