Peace and Conflict Studies
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Item Relevant linguistic and material evidential inferences and Edo histories(Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society, Cape Town, 2002) Pogoson, O.; Egbokhare, F.Item Some utilitarian objects from Edo North and the Northern Edo and Benin artistic relationship(2016) Pogoson, O. I.The history of Northern Edo land, Nigeria has been subsumed in the history of Benin kingdom and indeed, due to oversimplification, northern Edo history has been reduced to the history of Benin. Presently, the only available means to salvage the history of Northern Edo land remains the art objects collected by Northcote Thomas from Edo land, between 1908 and 1914. The collection is now domiciled at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (MAA) of the University of Cambridge, unutilized. The paper therefore undertook a comparative iconographic study of selected objects from the Thomas' collection with Benin art, in an attempt to make some more specific and perhaps categorical statements about a possible Benin-Northern Edo artistic relationship. Some of the works analysed from the collection include kola nut bowls from Otuo, Uzebba decorated kola nut bowls, igbede bowls, and Okpe decorated lad] e out of others: Evidently these artworks are prestigious objects, yet the Edo north community is devoid of such powerful central administrative system that could be in demand of such objects. This raises questions about the peopling of the region. From the available evidential materials, under consideration, it was then postulated that there could have been the possibility of north-south movement and a later south-north movement in that region, which has caused a thinning-out of the culture that produced the Thomas' collection. The paper concluded that the makers of the selected objects from the Thomas' collection might be different from the present day inhabitants of the region.Item Ritual, art and/or physics? seven rare wooden oro bullroarers in the collection of the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria(2016) Pogoson, O. I.; Adeduntan, A.; Akande, A.This paper investigates the artistic characteristic features and iconology of Yoruba Oro bullroarer using selected examples of seven Oro bullroarers in the collection of the Museum of the Institute of African Studies (MIAS), University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The ethnographic research design was adopted for the study. It gathered data from in-depth interviews, historical, political, mythological, scholarly submissions and allusions on the socio-religious, cultural importance and associations of oro in Yoruba land, to elucidate traditional and contemporary perspectives about Oro and its iconography. In its conclusion, the paper highlighted the important images commonly depicted on the Oro bullroarer. Some of the images observed are zoomorphic, anthropomorphic, geometric or abstract forms. It further observes that the images on the bullroarer are purposely engineered to conform with the the overall process of scientific effect of matter, energy, force and motion to produce the buzzing sound associated with Oro.Item Interrogating anthropomorphism in Benin and Northern Edo art: some tentative notes for historical clarifications(2015) Pogoson, O. I.This paper interrogates a rare anthropological collection from Edo North gathered together between 1908 and 1910 by Northcote W. Thomas, first colonial government anthropologist in Nigeria. After collection, the objects have been stored up, largely ignored, at the University of Cambridge, Museum for Archaeology and Anthropology. The paper questions the resultant long time de- contextualisation and isolation of these objects that have, over the time, made it remote to link these evidential materials and their producer culture and neighboring cultures. In an attempt to re-contextualize the objects, a comparison is made, of highly anthropomorphic Benin court art, which has for a long time, politically, dominated Northern Edo land but its character is not represented in Northern Edo art and selected anthropomorphic objects from the Thomas collection. The idea underlying Benin artistic production is basically anthropomorphic, revolving around the Benin king and hierarchy and hence a court art, whereas there is paucity of human representations in Northern Edo land which intriguingly also doesn't have the political structure to support it. Using the older language age evidence of forms of Edo language spoken in Northern Edo land, the paper queries the possibility of a south-north movement to create the works under reference. Perhaps there had been an earlier north-south movement and then a later south-north returnee movement whereby the works in the Thomas collection would represent those of the earlier northern Edo autochthons and ancestors of present day occupants. The Thomas collection may be remnants of an earlier tradition before Benin suzerainty gained full grounds in the 19th Century.Item Dyeing in Osogbo township(Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan Ibadan, 1995) Pogoson, O. I.Item Traditional art forms: the question of origin of Esie stone images(Society of Nigerian Arts, Oyo State chapter, 2001) Pogoson, O. I.Item A visual arts methodology(John Archers (Publishers) Limited, Ibadan, for Institute of African Studies University Ibadan, Ibadan, 1999) Pogoson, O. I.Item African scholarship and visa challenges for Nigerian academics(2013) Akanle, O.; Yusuff, O. S.; Adebayo, Q. O.; Adegboyega, K.Twenty-first-century societies are driven by knowledge. But knowledge regimes in the world today are not balanced, which leads to dubious knowledge, poor recommendations, and vacuous conclusions in the areas of policy and practice. This is manifested in and closely related to the compromised academic mobility of African scholars, which has become topical and in need of attention across the global knowledge domains. African scholarship and scholars do not easily move across space and time to cross fertilize ideas and knowledge. African academic talents are thus at the margins of global scholarship and are poorly rated. Many find it difficult to participate in international academic activities due to difficulty in obtaining a visa to travel to the West, which is regarded as the locus of true knowledge production and dissemination. Unfortunately, primary research on dynamics, complexities, and contours of African academic mobility, particularly to the West, is scanty, fragmented, and largely anecdotal, which necessitates more robust and contemporary knowledge. This empirical article is set in Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, and the country with the greatest number of universities on the continent. Primary data were collected through qualitative in-depth interviews (IDIs). Three prominent universities were selected for the study: University of Ibadan, Ahmadu Bello University, and Lagos State University. Sources of secondary data were unclassified official documents and scholarly publications.Item Saving culture and ‘microfinance’ practices among beggars in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria(2013-12) Omololu, F. O.; Adebayo, K. O.Begging is a cross-cultural phenomenon that is old, pervasive and complex. The practice is considered a social problem in many societies and had received great attention from scholars, particularly those who believe that understanding its full ramification was central to eradicating it. This study examined an aspect of begging that had mostly been left to speculation: the savings and money-lending practices of beggars. A descriptive qualitative research design was adopted for the study and primary data were generated through 21 In-depth and 5 Key Informant Interviews and Non-participant Observation. The study population was drawn from two purposively seized areas in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Bodija and Sabo, where large concentrations of beggars exist. Participants included beggars, money-handlers, shop y owners and traders. Data were interpreted through content analysis, and sometimes reported through direct quotation. Findings showed that most beggars engage in one form of savings or another, including rotational and fixed-term savings - though some employed the services of retail shop owners to act as bankers. Proceeds of begging constitute an important source of credit acquisition for some traders who took advantage of ease of access and flexible conditionalities to benefit from loans that beggars offerred. Conflicts sometimes arise at the point of reclamation of savings and loan repayment but normative bonds, feelings of mutual-dependency, and general internal control mechanism enabled amicable resolutions. The study concluded that the savings and the “micro-finance” practices of beggars provide new grounds for affirming the utility of this group and recommended that integrative policies should be formulated to sustain the saving culture of beggars.Item Dance and society in mutual interpretation: the case o f Nigeria(Obafemi Awolowo University Press. Ile-Ife, 1989-01) Layiwola, D.