FACULTY OF RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES
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Item Assessment of the availability and affordability of mushroom raw-materials in Ibadan metropolis(Horticultural Society of Nigeria (HORTSON), 2023) Oladoja, S. A.; Ajewole, O. I.; Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Ibe, R. B.Mushroom is regarded as mother of all vegetables because of its roles in human nutritional supply with abundant number of essential vitamins, minerals and protein. However, there is dearth of information on what goes into its domestication, therefore this study assessed the availability and affordability of raw-materials for mushroom production in Ibadan metropolis with a view to encourage sustainable production for economic growth. Ibadan metropolis was purposively chosen based on the abundance of various institutions who are actively involved in the production of mushroom and presence of some trained farmers who are into the production. Information was elicited from 36 mushroom producers with the aid of structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. Findings revealed that 58.3% respondents rarely had materials for mushroom production whenever they intend to produce, 50% respondents cannot afford relevant materials needed for the production, while 30.5% respondents revealed that spawn production cost between 500-1,000 naira. Also, lack of capital and favourable environment are key factors contribution to no increase in mushroom production. It is therefore recommended that basic and necessary production materials be made available and accessible to producers at subsidized rates. In order to enhance production, credit support should be made available to producers at affordable interest rates.Item Land Use Land Cover Dynamics of Ise Forest Reserve, Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, 2024) Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Owoeye, Y. T.; Oyediran, A. E.; Komolafe, O. O.Understanding the dynamics of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) is necessary for generating valuable information for informed decision-making in managing natural resources in the tropics. However, relevant information on these dynamics of forest cover is sparse, especially in Ise Forest Reserve. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the changes in land cover in Ise Forest Reserve between 2000 and 2020. Utilizing imagery from Landsat 7 and 8 acquired from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) database, covering the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, we employed a maximum likelihood algorithm to classify the images. Three LULC classes were identified: Forest, Farmland, and Settlement. Our analysis revealed significant shifts in land cover over the studied period. In 2000, forest coverage accounted for 87.5% of the reserve area in 2000, decreasing to 77.46% in 2020. Conversely, farmland increased from 10.74% in 2000 to 17.24% in 2020, while settlement areas expanded from 1.71% to 5.30% during the same period. These changes indicate the impact of anthropogenic activities in the area. In conclusion, LULC changes in Ise forest reserve revealed a concerning trend of deforestation and land cover change due to human activities. This research contributes valuable insights into the evolving landscape dynamics of the reserve, providing essential information for conservation efforts and sustainable land management practices.Item Geodatabase and Health Risk Assessment of Avenue Trees on Selected Roads in a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria(Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP), 2024) Israel, R.; Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Mshelia, Z. H.; Oluwajuwon, T.V.Campuses of Nigerian universities, especially the older ones, are home to aged trees that were originally planted for environmental beautification and aesthetics. However, due to the current global climate change and increased vulnerability to abiotic and biotic stressors, the old trees could pose threats to pedestrians, structures, and roads within the university campus environments. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop a geodatabase and evaluate the health risk assessment of avenue trees on selected roads in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results obtained reported a total of 121 individual avenue trees belonging to 14 species along the study roads. The geospatial distribution analysis revealed that Emotan road had a lower density of avenue trees compared to Benue and Oduduwa roads. Furthermore, the health risk assessment indicated that 17.35% of the individual avenue trees had defects, posing potential hazards and risks of tree failure, and potential damage to pedestrians, vehicles, and neighboring utilities. The developed geodatabase is user-friendly and allows for easy data storage and quick information retrieval on the avenue trees, enhancing their maintenance and risk management. Furthermore, this study shows that systematic replacement, replanting, and management of avenue tree species could be a proactive initiative for the expansion of the geodatabase and to reduce negative health impacts.Item Assessment of land surface temperature and factors influencing urban green space dynamics in Sapele, Delta State of Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sokoto, Nigeria, 2024) Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Joy, A.; Komolafe, O.O.Forest is a carbon sink contributing to the tropical Land Surface Temperature (LST) changes. However, information on the nexus between Urban Green Space (UGS) and LST of most cities is limited. Therefore, spatiotemporal variability in UGS and LST, and factors affecting UGS dynamics were examined in Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria. Landsat imageries of 2002, 2012, and 2022 were obtained and classified using Iso Cluster Classification with point pixel-based correction for accuracy improvement. The LST was extracted from the imageries. Relationship between NDVI and LST was established using R. Structured questionnaire was used to elucidate information on factors affecting UGS (FAUGS); population growth (PG), lack of law enforcement (LLE), demand for timber (DT), agricultural expansion (AE), overgrazing (O), soil characteristics (SC), urban sprawl (US) and lack of land tenure system (LLTS), using logit regression at α=0.05. Four LULC were identified; UGS, water bodies, bare land, and built-up areas. The UGS decreased from 88.55% in 2002 to 81.83% in 2022, built-up area expanded from 4.64% to 12.55%. Highest mean LST (27.46°C) and lowest NDVI (0.54) were recorded in 2012, least LST (26.46°C) and highest NDVI (0.69) were recorded in 2002. Negative nexus was observed between NDVI and LST for 2002 (-0.453), to 2022 (-0.393). The odd ratio showed that PG (1.2x108), US (13.8), and LLTS (3.0) significantly affected UGS dynamics with the regression model (FAUGS) = -9.7 + 18.6(PG) – 8.0(LLE) - 23.61(DT) - 18.5(AE) -10.8(O) - 25.7(SC) + 2.6(US) + 1.1(LLTS). This study affirmed that urban green space was affected by urbanization.Item Optimising Sampling Design with Semivariogram for Vegetation Survey of Derived Savannah, Ogun State, Nigeria(unique scientific publishers, 2024) Banjo, O. B.; Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Ige, P. O.Vegetation survey is useful for biodiversity conservation and management. Sampling design strategies oftentimes fail to capture the heterogeneous vegetation structure of area being studied due to cost and time constraint. The study aimed to determine the optimum sampling design for vegetation assessment in the study area by characterizing spatial structure and identifying extent of spatial correlation in data points. Hypothetical sampling scenarios of low, medium and high density random and transect sample plots of (3 x 3 km) were laid on Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite imagery of the study area. NDVI values were extracted for the respective sampling scenarios. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and fitted to spherical, exponential and Gaussian’s semivariogram models. Best fitted models were evaluated by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. Nugget, sill and range parameters of the best fitted semivariogram models described the spatial structure of the vegetation cover in the study area. Therefore, the parameter estimates guided the selection of medium density random sample plots and low density transect-laid sample plots as the optimized sampling design most suitable for vegetation survey in derived savannah ecosystem of Ogun State, Nigeria.Item Stand growth, Biomass and Carbon sequestration potentials of Parkia biglobosa (jacq.) Bench plantation in South-Western Nigeria(Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP), 2024) Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Onilude, Q. A.; Ige, P. O.; Adeoti, O. O.This study assessed tree growth variables, above (AGB), below ground biomass (BGB) and total carbon content (TC) sequestered by Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Bench. Plantation in Wasangare, Oyo State using nondestructive ground base survey. Tree growth data (Diameter at breast height, Dbh and Tree height, Th) were collected using lacer ace hypsometer and diameter girth tape from 20 temporary sampling plots of size 25 m X 25 m established through systematic transect lines. Diameter size classes (DSC) for the plantation was examined, carbon stock for each DSC was also determine while basal area (m2 ha-1), volume (m3 ha-1), Biomass (Mg ha-1) and Carbon (Mg ha-1) were also estimated. Results showed mean Dbh of 18.7 + 0.25 cm with 8.14 + 0.10 m, 0.033 + 0.00 m2 ha- 1 and 0.320 + 0.01 m3 ha-1 for tree height, basal area and volume respectively. AGB and BGB were 10.877 + 0.39 Mgha-1 and 2.175 + 0.08 Mgha-1 respectively while TC was 6.527 + 0.24 Mgha-1. The percentage carbon stock proportion for each DSC revealed class size 25-29-9 cm (19.02%) as the highest while the least proportion was observed in less than 5 cm class with 0.04% of carbon. The DSC showed majority of the tree Dbh in lower Dbh classes with fewer trees in higher classes forming almost a normal bell shape. The study provides information that can help the management in planning silvicultural activities and selective removal from the stand (harvesting schedule). Tree Dbh, height, basal area, volume and biomass are the determinant characteristics for forest carbon assessment. In conclusion, the plantation actively sequesters carbon showing potentials for indigenous trees in climate change mitigation.Item Geospatial assessment of climate sensitivity in Ibarapa North, Oyo State, Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, 2024) Agbor, C.F.; Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Ogunwale, O. R.This study employed remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the spatial pattern of carbon(iv)oxide (CO2) concentration and the resulting climate sensitivity in Ibarapa North local government areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. The evaluation was carried out using Landsat images of 2003 and 2023, digital elevation model, as well as CO2 data collected with CO2. meter. Surface temperature and radiative forcing were generated from the satellite images using random forest algorithm in 𝑅 software environment, while the climate sensitivity was evaluated using Drakes’ Sensitivity Linear Model. The results revealed mean air temperature of 31.5oC and 32.7oC in 2003 and 2023 respectively. The area experienced positive radiative forcing mean value of about 2.69𝑊 𝑚−2, which indicates more energy being trapped on the earth’s surface that could cause warming. The climate sensitivity in 2023 was 0.4oC 𝑚−2s-2 which falls below global average of about 3oC 𝑚−2s-1. The CO2 concentration was extrapolated based on the mathematical function derived from the regression function between the variable and elevation. The results revealed positive radiative forcing and low climate sensitivity value. This may seem positive, but that doesn’t negate the need for action to mitigate adverse effects of climate change.Item Land Use Land Cover Dynamics of Oba Hills Forest Reserve, Nigeria, Employing Multispectral Imagery and GIS(Scientific Research Publishing, 2023) Bukoye, J. A.; Oluwajuwon, T. V.; Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Offiah, R. I.; Ogunmodede, M. E.Land use Land cover (LULC) has undergone progressive changes worldwide over the years. However, there is limited information available about these changes in Oba Hills Forest Reserve, Nigeria. The existing spatial analysis of the forest excluded important land use classes like settlements. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the dynamics of LULC in Oba Hills Forest Reserve between 1987 and 2019. Images from Landsat 5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 for the years 1987, 2001, 2013, and 2019 were obtained and subjected to preprocessing and classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm, change detection, and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI). The coordinates of specific benchmark locations and other points were acquired for ground-truthing and developing Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Three distinct LULC classes were identified: forest, bare land (including open spaces, agriculture, rocks, and grasslands), and built-up areas. The forest cover in the reserve gradually decreased from 56% in 1987 to 47% in 2019, resulting in a total area loss of 455.4 hectares. Correspondingly, the other LULC classes experienced exponential expansion. Bare land increased from 44% in 1987 to 52% in 2019, while the built-up area expanded by 57.28 hectares. These changes are attributed to prevalent anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, grazing, logging, firewood collection, and population growth within the catchment area. The declining NDVI values in the forest reserve, from 0.52 to 0.44 within the years of assessment, further substantiated the substantial loss of forest cover. The DEM and topographical map highlighted notable steep slopes and elevations of up to over 550 m above sea level (asl) within the reserve, which have implications for forest growth and dynamics. In conclusion, this study reveals extensive rates of forest cover changes into bare land, primarily for agriculture, and settlements, and offers further recommendations to reverse the trend.