Obstetrics. & Gynecology

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Author: search.filters.author.Bello, O. O.Subject: search.filters.subject.Pregnancy

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    Prevalence of rectovaginal group B streptococcus (GBS) among pregnant women at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
    (2016) Bello, O. O.; Kehinde, A. A.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Odukogbe, A. A.
    Context: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae, a Gram-positive bacterium causes disease primarily in infants, pregnant or postpartum women. It is associated with up to 50% neonatal mortality and significant morbidity. GBS is responsible for adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature rupture of membranes(PROM), preterm labour, low birth 'eight and chorioamnionitis. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of CBS carriage among pregnant women and identify the risk factors for colonization. Study Design: This is a prospective cohortstudy in which two hundred and forty consenting pregnant women were screened for GBS from 35 - 40 weeks. ""Vaginal and rectal swab specimens were collected from the mothers and examined using standard bacteriological methods -CHROMagar StreptB agar plate (CHROMagarLtd, Paris, France). All GBS positive isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Results: The prevalence of vaginal and rectal GBS colonization among pregnant women in University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan was 9.6%. 0f the 23 pregnant women with GBS colonization, 60.9% (14) were vaginal cartiers,30.4% (7) were rectal carriers while 8.7% (2) had both. GBS colonization is significantly associated with previous Preterm birth, abnormal vaginal discharge in current preenancy and preterm PROM but not with maternals sociodemographic characteristics: age, parity and gestational age. Conclusion: GBS colonization of vagina and rectum has potential risks for pregnant women and their neomates. These call for screening of women during pregnaney so as to offer intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis to those who are carriers.
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    Awareness and practice of dual contraception among female tertiary institution students in Ibadan, Nigeria.
    (2016) Bello, O. O.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Bello, F. A.
    Introduction: Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy and a major cause of maternal morbidity. Pathogenetic explanations for preeclampsia include: Maladaptation of the immune system to paternal antigens and exaggerated maternal inflammatory response to trophoblastic tissue. Immune deficiency, induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or any other cause, could, therefore, inhibit a tendency to immune hyper‑reactivity and thus theoretically prevent the development of preeclampsia. The study aims to explore the role of the immune theory of preeclampsia by comparing the prevalence of preeclampsia among HIV‑positive and HIV‑negative pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross‑sectional survey of pregnant women, beyond 28 weeks gestation, who delivered at the University College Hospital, Ibadan between 1st October 2011 and 31st December 2011. Data was collected using a prespecified proforma. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 and P value was set at <0.05. Results: A total of 766 women who gave birth during the study met the inclusion criteria. Among the cohort, HIV prevalence rate was 7.2% whereas preeclampsia was 10.7%. None of the HIV‑positive women had preeclampsia. Conclusion: This study suggested that the prevalence and perhaps, risk of developing preeclampsia is reduced among HIV positive women. This is similar to other studies done in various countries in the world. There is a need for further study as it may prove valuable in the management and prevention of preeclampsia.