Obstetrics. & Gynecology
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Item Knowledge of emergency contraception and predictors of its use among female undergraduates in two Nigerian universities.(Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria., 2022) Ogunbode, O.O.; Takpe, R.; Adeniyi, A.; Ogunbode, A. M.; Agboola, A.Background: Unintended pregnancies contribute to the high burden of unsafe abortion, maternal deaths and morbidities among undergraduates. Objective: To assess the determinants of good knowledge and evaluate the trends in the practice of Emergency Contraception (EC) among female undergraduates. Method: This was a cross sectional study involving four hundred and twenty female undergraduates from two universities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants were recruited from their hostels and classrooms. Data collection was done using self-administered questionnaires and good knowledge was defined as three correct answers to five questions testing knowledge. The questionnaires also addressed their practices of EC. The data was stored on the computer, cleaned and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: Two hundred and fourteen (51.0%) participants were aware of EC and the common sources were friends (43.4%), media (42.9%) and pharmacies (42.0%). One hundred and sixty-four participants (39.1%) had good knowledge of EC. Participants in the age group 20-24 years, second year of study, those who were aware of EC and had ever used EC were associated with good knowledge. Less than half (48%) of the sexually active participants used EC in the past six months and Levonogestrel (51%) was the commonest EC used. Menstrual irregularity and abdominal pain were the major side effects of EC. Conclusion: The practice of EC is poor and with poor knowledge demonstrated among female undergraduates. There is therefore the need to improve information and access to EC in the university community.Item Predictors of weight reduction in a Nigerian family practice setting(Ghana Medical Association, 2021) Ogunbode, A. M.; Owolabi, M. O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Ogunniyi, A.Objectives: This study identified the predictors of weight reduction among adult obese patients in a Family Practice Setting and developed a statistical model to predict weight reduction. Design: A prospective cohort design. Setting: The Family Practice Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Participants and study tools: Obese adults were recruited into a three-month weight reduction program. Patient Information Leaflets were used for counselling, while questionnaires were administered to obtain socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Potential predictors were assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Zung Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, Garner’s Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), 24-hour dietary recall and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure and Fast-ing Lipid Profile were assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis with a significance set at α0.05. Results: Most 99(76.2%) of the 130 participants achieved weight reduction and had a median weight change of -2.3kg (IQR-4, -0.5), with 66 (66.7%) out of 99 attaining the weight reduction target of 10%. The regression model showed predictors of weight reduction to be Total Cholesterol [TC] (p=0.01) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [LDL-C] (p=0.03). The statistical model derived for Weight reduction = 0.0028 (LDL-C) -0.029 (TC)-0.053 (EAT-26) +0.041(High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol). The proportion of variance of the model tested was R2 = 0.3928 (ad-justed R2 = 0.2106). Conclusion: Predictors of weight reduction among patients were eating attitude score, Total Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipid and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol levels. A statistical model was developed for managing obesity among patients.Item Factors associated with obesity and weight reduction among people with obesity: A systematic review(ScopeMed, 2020) Ogunbode, A. M.; Owolabi, M. O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Ogunniyi, A.Introduction: Obesity is a non-communicable disease of huge public health importance with several multi-systemic complications. Weight reduction techniques are useful in the management of obesity. The aim of this review was to determine the risk factors, health risks of obesity as well as factors influencing weight reduction among individuals with obesity. Methods: Google, Google Scholar, and Pub Med databases were used to identify studies on obesity that assessed risk factors and complications of obesity plus factors influencing weight reduction among people with obesity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used and 914 literature records were retrieved. These were limited to papers published in English up to 2019. We excluded 702 articles that did not match our theme and also excluded an additional 156 full articles due to incompleteness. The evidence available was critically appraised in line with our objectives. Results: Fifty-six articles were reviewed, and it was found that obesity increased with age and was more in women. Inadequate diet, physical inactivity, and metabolic disor¬ders were contributory factors, whereas the main factors associated with greater weight reduction were lower pre-treatment weight, lower waist circumference, doctors as role models, and absence of psychiatric co-morbidities. Conclusions: Proven weight reduction methods are vital for the cost-effective manage¬ment of patients as part of lifestyle modification.Item Sexual dysfunction among women in a Nigerian gynecological outpatients unit(Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON), 2019) Ogunbode, O. O.; Aimakhu, C. O.; Ogunbode, A. M.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Owonikiko, K. M.Background: Sexual dysfunction is an important public‑health problem, which is often less reported or explored through opportunistic evaluation during medical consultations. Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and patterns of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) including the sexual quality of life among female patients attending a gynecological outpatients unit in Southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross‑sectional descriptive study of 146 consenting women who attended the gynecological outpatients’ clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, during the study period. Participants were selected using multistage sampling technique. The survey instruments were previously validated questionnaires such as Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ28), Sexual Quality of Life‑Female Questionnaire (SQOL‑F), and the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve (APGAR) score. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17 and P value was set at 5%. Results: The mean age was 33.8 ± 5.7 years. Most (85.6%) respondents had at least one form of sexual dysfunction. The commonest dysfunction was arousal‑sensation (62.4%) while the least was pain (3.4%). The mean SFQ28 and SQOL‑F scores were 58.0 ± 12.57 and 28.0 ± 11.94, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the SFQ28 and SQOL‑F scores across sociodemographic factors. Women classified as belonging to dysfunctional family on Family APGAR score similarly had poorer scores for sexual dysfunction (100%, P = 0.016). Conclusion: FSD is common among women attending gynecological outpatients clinic. Managing clinicians should be aware of this condition and proffer appropriate care in addition to the main presenting complaint.Item What’s in your hands? A systematic review of dietary assessment methods and estimation of food sizes in a Primary Care Clinic(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2018) Ogunbode, A. M.; Owolabi, M. O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Ogunniyi, A.Introduction: Many patients with noncommunicable diseases such as obesity are attended to in Family Practice Clinics where quick dietary assessment along with estimation of food sizes as part of lifestyle modification and appropriate intervention could be offered. We performed a systematic review to determine the dietary assessment methods with the best evidence that can be employed in a Family Practice Clinic. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to conduct a systematic review of PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar databases from 1992 to 2017. Results: We found 730 original research articles, case–control studies, review articles, proceedings, transactions, and textbooks. Thirty-seven articles were selected out of which two were secondary data, 12 were review articles, 10 were descriptive surveys, and one was a prospective cohort study. There were two randomized controlled trials, two mixed study designs, one working paper, and seven guides. Food portion size estimation using household objects and the hand guide, then the food pyramid guide along with the food-sized plate intervention was documented. Conclusion: In view of the busy nature of Family Practice Clinics in several countries, in performing dietary assessment, food portions can be estimated using household measures and the hand portion guide. The pyramid guide and the portion-sized plate can then be used for intervention.Item What’s in your hands? A systematic review of dietary assessment methods and estimation of food sizes in a Primary Care Clinic(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2018) Ogunbode, A. M.; Owolabi, M. O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Ogunniyi, A.Introduction: Many patients with non-communicable diseases such as obesity are attended to in Family Practice Clinics where quick dietary assessment along with estimation of food sizes as part of lifestyle modification and appropriate intervention could be offered. We performed a systematic review to determine the dietary assessment methods with the best evidence that can be employed in a Family Practice Clinic. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used to conduct a systematic review of PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar databases from 1992 to 2017. Results: We found 730 original research articles, case–control studies, review articles, proceedings, transactions, and textbooks. Thirty-seven articles were selected out of which two were secondary data, 12 were review articles, 10 were descriptive surveys, and one was a prospective cohort study. There were two randomized controlled trials, two mixed study designs, one working paper, and seven guides. Food portion size estimation using household objects and the hand guide, then the food pyramid guide along with the food-sized plate intervention was documented. Conclusion: In view of the busy nature of Family Practice Clinics in several countries, in performing dietary assessment, food portions can be estimated using household measures and the hand portion guide. The pyramid guide and the portion-sized plate can then be used for intervention.Item Breast self-examination practices in nigerian women attending a tertiary out-patient clinic(Medknow Publications, 2015) Ogunbode, A. M.; Fatiregun, A. A.; Ogunbode, O. O.BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality caused by breast cancer can be decreased by early detection with breast self‑examination (BSE).The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors determining the practice of BSE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 140 women aged above 18 years who presented consecutively in a General Outpatient’s clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. This was the baseline study from an intervention study which looked at the effect of demonstration of BSE on improving Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) among two groups of respondents. Structured questionnaires were validated and administered by an interviewer and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12. RESULTS: The overall self-reported prevalence of BSE practice was 62.1% among the respondents. Older women (16, 76.2%), married women (63, 65.6%) and women with tertiary education (51, 68.9%) had the highest prevalence of BSE practice. Prevalence rate was highest for civil servant (25, 78.1%), P = 0.04. The practice of BSE was higher among women with a previous history of breast disease (15, 68.2%) and in respondents with a family history of breast disease (7, 63.6%), Only 11 (12.6%) performed BSE as per guidelines, which was once in a month. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of BSE was found to be high, especially in those with tertiary education and in those with a past personal or family history of breast disease. In resource‑constrained countries, BSE is a screening tool that can be employed to help reduce the breast cancer burden because routine mammography screening is not yet feasible. Women need to be informed about the when and how to perform BSEItem Weight control, alcohol reduction, smoking cessation, health promotion, exercise and diet (WASHED)’: a mnemonic for lifestyle modification in obesity(Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, 2015) Ogunbode, A. M.; Owolabi, M. O.; Ogunniyi, A.; Ogunbode, O. O.Item Sexual violence against female undergraduates in a nigerian tertiary institution(Journalgurus, 2014-04) Ogunbode, O. O.; Bello, F. A.; Ogunbode, A. M.Background: Worldwide, violence against women is becoming an increasingly recognized pandemic issue necessitating eradication and elimination. It occurs in various forms with resultant physical, sexual or psychological consequences. However, there is still denial and paucity of literature about the magnitude and pattern of this problem in Nigeria. Objective: This study was designed to determine the patterns of sexual violence among female undergraduates including their perceptions and attitude. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire based study involving 388 female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique using their halls of residence was used to select participants. The results were analyzed using statistical package for SPSS software version 16.0. The p-value was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 20 years and 382 (98.5%) of them were single. Only 31.2% were sexually exposed and the average age of sexual debut was 18 years. Most (78, 64.1%) cases of the first sexual intercourse occurred voluntarily. Two hundred and sixty two (67.6%) respondents had experienced at least one form of sexual abuse in the past. The commonest coercive sexual behaviour experienced was unwanted touching (53.4%). The perpetrators were mostly casual friends (63.7%) and most reported these incidences to friends. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge but poor attitude about sexual abuse. Eighteen (10.7%) admitted to prior rape which was mainly perpetrated by strangers with half admitting it adversely affected their relationship with the opposite sex. Conclusion: Sexual violence occurs in this environment but mainly goes unreported. There is good knowledge about the issues of sexual violence but there is need for improved attitude and reporting by victims.Item Breast examination as a cost-effective screening tool in a clinical practice setting in Ibadan, Nigeria.(AOSIS (Pty) Ltd, 2013-02) Ogunbode, A. M.; Fatiregun, A. A.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.Background: Breast cancer is a disease of public health importance. It results in high morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. The high morbidity and mortality from breast cancer can be decreased by measures targeted at early detection such as screening. Breast examination as a screening tool for breast cancer in developing countries is advocated in view of its cost-effectiveness. Method: The article selection method was obtained from primary and secondary literature sources which included original research articles, case control studies, review articles, proceedings, transactions and textbooks. The authors cited a clinical audit and articles published between 1988 and 2011. The search strategy included the use of internet search engines. This review was part of a larger research and the study protocol was approved by University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan Institutional Review Board (UI/UCH-IRB). Clinical trial registration number: NHREC/05/01/2008a. Results: Breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) as screening tools for breast cancer were analysed in detail. Conclusion: Breast examination is a screening tool that is cost-effective and reliable and should be encouraged in resource-constrained countries. Given the high cost and expertise required for mammography, current efforts at screening for breast cancer in developing countries should rely more on a combination of BSE and CBE