Sociology
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Item Perspectives on positive leadership in Nigeria: report of a national survey(Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Limited, 2003) Agbaje, A. A. B.; Okunola, R. A.; Alarape, A. I.Item Item Youths and risky sexual behaviour: a kap study on HIV/AIDS amongst University of Ibadan student(2009-09) Akokuwebe, M. E.; Okunola, R. A.; Falayi, O. E.This study examined knowledge, awareness and attitude of sexual behaviour as factors likely to affect risk-taking behaviours. Six hundred undergraduates of the University of Ibadan participated in this cross-sectional survey (100 Level and 400 Level students). Data were collected using three structured and validated scales. Results indicated that HIV transmission knowledge has a significant effect on sexual risk-taking behaviours. Misconception on the transmission of HIV/AIDS was also been reported and had a significant effect on risk-taking behaviours. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of HIV increases youths' risky sexual behaviours. An attitude such as one cannot contract HIV in their first time of sexual intercourse also increases their chances of risky behaviour. It is, thus, recommended that HIV awareness campaigns be intensified, while attitude-change initiatives should be embarked upon to discourage youths from risky sexual behaviour.Item Historical analysis of touts as a deviant subgroup in Lagos State-Nigeria(2009) Ikuomola, A. D.; Okunola, R. A.; Heap, S.Over the years, Lagos State has been faced with a cyclical crescendo of unemployed deviant subgroup mainly youths; known as 'Area Boys or Touts' whose activities usually revolves round the transportation corridors of motor parks and bus stops for survival. Though, many scholars have limited their existence to the period of economic recession and the introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) in the 1980s with little or no emphasis on the historical dimension of their growth and development during the period of colonisation. This study traces the emergence of touts to the colonial era and traditional practices of neighbouring communities and states around Lagos under various names like Alikali boys, Boma boys, and jaguda boys which later metamorphose into the present day touts in Lagos state's motor parks and bus stops. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions among 150 randomly selected area boys, the study revealed the economic benefits and patronage of touts by Nigerian Politicians and government officials were major factors fostering their continuous existence. The study concludes that so long as area boys/touts serve as a pool from which National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW); Road Transport Employee Association of Nigeria (RTEAN) and Politicians employ their staff and bodyguards, it will be difficult if not impossible to eradicate touts from Lagos environment.Item Commuters' fear of crime and road transport industry: A case study of Ibadan-Sokoto Transport Corridor.(2009) Okunola, R. A.Human activities are conducted over space and this includes movement from one geo-location to another. This major need for movement is mostly serviced by the road transport industry made up of public and private investors. To protect consumers in this sector, various policies and regulations have been put in place not only to ensure value for money and standard but also for the safety and security of commuters and transport operators alike. This however seems like a mirage as criminal activities are steadily shifting from neighbourhoods and settlements to the highways. This paper is an effort towards understanding the situation of things in terms of validity of various reports and extent of such crimes along the Ibadan-Sokoto transport corridor, the state of fear amongst commuters, the effects of this on the road transport industry and stakeholders (transport owners, community and the commuters). The findings showed the apprehension of commuters along this highway and increasing criminal activities in specific points on the highways. Aside from measures taken by commuters and commercial drivers to 'beat' such criminals, communities along the corridor have established local guards to protect commuters who often pay tokens to maintain their services. It is concluded that there is need to re-address the country's highway policing strategy and thus look for ways to integrate and provide technical assistance to local vigilantes who are becoming increasingly relevant on long distance routes in Nigeria.Item Corporate Establishments preferences and the guest for overseas qualification by Nigerian university students(2009-12) Okunola, R. A.; Ikuomola, A. D.This study examines corporate establishment demand as the quest for foreign education in Nigeria and seeks to expose the motivation behind the rush abroad for foreign education; explicated by the increasing level of university seekers within and outside Nigeria. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methodology was adopted for this study. Major findings revealed that employers of labour demand for foreign certificates holders over national certificates holders. Among the sampled respondents, the effect of certificates acquired abroad on the nation’s industries has declined. It was also observed that free-tuition institutions have increased students rush to study abroad irrespective of the courses being offered. Based on these findings, it is suggested that there is the need for government to reform the Nigerian educational system; to eliminate the discrimination on employment based on foreign degrees, as well as families to reorient their wards on courses being offered abroad.Item The Nigerian civil war of 1967 and the stigmatization of children born of rape victims in Edo State Nigeria(2009) Okunola, R. A.The history of the Nigerian civil war of 1967-1970, though short, still lingers in the memory of many Nigerians especially communities that were not among the many ethnic groups in the war, hence they were seen as saboteurs. For this many atrocities were netted on them; among which was rape. Up till date, it is still obvious in some of the names given to children now adults born of rape victims by the Biafran and Nigerian army during the two and half years the war lasted. This study therefore seeks to observe the attitude of ‘children’ born this period in question as a result of the stigma attached to their names; it examines community responses to incidence of rape and the level of compensation to mothers (rape victims) and the resultant children born after the war. The study employed principally qualitative methodology: in-depth interview and focus group discussion, among a cross section of 50 households drawn randomly and via a snowballing sampling method in three local government areas of Edo state Nigeria. Major findings from the study showed that 40years after the Civil War, ‘children’ were still seen as ‘bad omen’ mostly affected were the female ‘children’ now married 73% of them. Also observed was that many of the males (67%) have changed their names from war related meanings. The study concludes that rape in war times is evil and should not be encouraged in any form. Finally the study recommends that proper education and enlightenment campaign about the aftermath of rape should be given to soldiers preparing for war.Item The print media and crime: values and issues(2007-01) Amzat, J. J.; Abodunrin, A. J.; Okunola, R. A.That the press sensationalizes crime stories, over reports violent crime stories like homicide, assault etc in comparison to non-violent stories and that violent stories are usually reported disproportionately compared to their incidence in official crime statistics or victim surveys, and that sensational reporting of crime contribute to concern over crime among the public is point of concern. This stimulates fear of crime which is now being recognized as a distinct social problem and issue for public debate. This paper examines the print media and the creation of fear of crime, amount and sources of crime in the print media and patterns of crime reporting bringing out some core values. The paper acknowledges reporting of crime as epidemic and examines some vital suggestions towards uplifting the values of the press in crime reporting. The paper concludes that print media play vital roles in shaping public perception of risk factors in criminality, crimes, stimulate public awareness and impact on the criminal Justice system, Therefore, concern for such issues and values of the media in crime reporting could also help in preventions and control of criminalities.Item The media, cultural promotion and biodiversity conservation(The National Commission for Museums and Monuments, 2009) Okunola, R. A.; Lawal, M. O.Item Youth and crime: a study of rural hybrids in Ogun State(1998) Olutayo, A. O.; Okunola, R. A.Urban bias strategy as the development policy in developing nations has contributed largely to the problem of rural-urban migrations in these nations. Attention has therefore been focussed, mainly, on the effect of migration to the rural and urban areas. Toa large extent, however, it is becoming increasingly difficult for youths - educated in European style with the hope of securing European-style job opportunities - to migrate to the urban areas due to the growing economic crisis and depression since the 1980s - with its effect significantly in urban areas. Consequently, this has led to the emergence of a group of youths we refer to as 'rural hybrids'. This study sets out to inquire into the emergence of this group; investigate their life-style; and ascertain their impact on the rural areas. Using the dis-articulation theory, we examined the emergence of this group. We found out that this group engages in activities considered to be criminal and their way of life is totally contradictory to what the typical rural-dwellers expect. As such, they are likely to contribute negatively to the orientation-of the younger generation corning after them. On the whole, therefore the rural areas are likely to be significantly affected in the future particularly in the areas of crime and violence.