Sociology
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Item Changing family structures/values and the incidence of human trafficking in Edo State(2007) Owumi, B. E.; Jerome, P. A.This paper attempts to unravel the underpinning factors that account for the upsurge of human trafficking in Edo State, Nigeria. The discourse is hinged on the Mertonian concept of innovation which explains the circumvention of societal mainstream values and employed as a circuit and routes to achieving societies collectively subscribed goals. The aims and objectives of the study include: identifying the changes in family structures that predispose parents to trafficking their children; examining the changes in family values that predispose parents to trafficking; discussing the perception of parents about trafficking their children and finally explaining the reasons for the persistence of human trafficking despite attempts to curb it. Focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview methods were used in collecting data. The study revealed that parents are predisposed to trafficking their children due to poverty, unemployment, greed, ignorance, illiteracy, polygyny, distortion of social values, dysfunctional families among othersItem Women trafficking and the risk of contacting HIV/AIDS among the trafficked in Edo state, Nigeria(2009) Jerome, A. P.; Owumi, B.Woman trafficking and HIV/AIDS have affected the country adversly and has posed a threat to the development of the nation. Although studies haves documented the contribution of commercial sex workers of long truck drivers towards HIV/AIDS, there dearth of knowledge about the phenomena of women trafficking and HIV/AIDS. The study therefore focused on the risk of contacting HIV/AIDS amongst trafficked girls in the two rehabilitation centres in Edo state. Qualitative techniques, which through, a case study, in-depth interviews and focus group discussion were used in elicting data. content analysis was used in the presentation of findings. The study revealed that most trafficked victims have very little or no knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its prevention before they are trafficked. Data showed improved knowledge of HIV/AIDS during the process of rehabilitation after they had been trafficked. The study observed that most of the trafficked girls refused to test for their HIV-status because they were invoved in high-risk sextual behaviour (unprotected sex) before rehabilitation to avoid stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, if they tested positive. The most known and preferred means of preventing HIV/AIDS amongst trafficked victim is condom use. However data showed that, in actual practices, the use of condom is low especially with regularand close partners. It was revealed that only one object is shared amongst subjects in the collection of blood, public and nails during the oath taking process and this is done to ensure that the girls are bound to their sponsor's instructions in the course of being trafficked in the order to avoid repercussions. Following these findings, the study recommends that the effort to combat women trafficking and HIV/AIDS be intensified through poverty alleviation, sentization against women trafficking and HIV/AIDS, reduction of stigmatization towards HIV/AIDS and empowerment of trafficked girls who have been rehabilitated to reduce recidivismItem THE PROCESSES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUDICIARY IN THE WESTERN STATE OF NIGERIA(1976-06) ADELOLA, I. O. A.This is a study of judicial processes and procedure in the Western State of Nigeria. The judiciary is conceptualized as a formal organization which lacks fitness into the classical organizational theory of bureaucracy because it is engulfed in intra-organizational and inter-organizational complications. Judicial processes and procedure are therefore to be understood within the framework of a multi-organizational inter-connectedness. Consequently, the study took as its theoretical focus the systemic approach which in turn embraces the structural- functional orientation with the concomitant exchange and conflict under-pinnings. Its central focus is that organizational interdependence will affect organizational performance adversely or positively even if the rules of bureaucracy are observed. The study also examines the judiciary as a formal Organization in which professionalism encourages fragmentation of group cohesion and this, in turn, is shown to limit the degree of bureaucratization found in the Organization. The end result of these perspectives is that organizational performance is a function of the interaction of internal and external forces. Consequently, it is concluded that a combination of the natural and rational models to the study of organization would enhance our understanding of organizations and the judiciary in particular. This study is divided into three main perspectives. The first takes an historical orientation, tracing the development of the judiciary in Nigeria from its very inception through a period of institutional experimentation to a period of institutional stability and reforms. It also traced the circumstances which led to the regionalization of the judiciary in Nigeria and how the judiciary of the Western State of Nigeria has performed during periods of political instability and experimentation. This section also focuses on the jurisdictional limitations of the various tribunals and their relations with one another. The second part focuses on the internal organizational structure of the judicial departments and isolates the interaction of Professionals and non-Professionals as a factor which encourages in-group and out-group relations bothering on mutual but manageable intra-organizational strains. Attention has also been directed to the inter-organizational inter-connectedness as a factor which may enhance or inhibit the performance of the judiciary. The third part spells out the procedures involved in adjudication of cases and attempts to relate the theoretical judicial process to judicial process in practice. Marked deviation from the theoretical expectations is observed in practice as a result of the interaction of internal and external forces. The adoption of a social process Orientation lends credence to this Claim. Finally the study raises the issue of the notion of justice; the relationship between the law and the society; and the human Problems in law enforcement.Item The impact of price reform on the health and productivity of rural women in southern Nigeria(A publication of NISER/SSCN national Research Netwrok on Liberalization Policies in Nigeria supported by International Development Research Centre, Canada, 1996) Isamah, A. N; Owumi, B. E.; Adewumi, F.; Okunola, R.Item Society and health: social pattern of illness and medical care(Resource Development and Management Services, 1996) Owumi, B. E.Item Perspectives on positive leadership in Nigeria: report of a national survey(Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Limited, 2003) Agbaje, A. A. B.; Okunola, R. A.; Alarape, A. I.Item Deconstructing the burden of rural-urban migration in a non-regulatory system: the case of Lagos, Nigeria(2009-12) Nwokocha, E. E.Nigeria is one of the countries in the world with very high rural-urban dichotomy. Although the nation is generally characterized by poor social amenities, both in quality and quantity, rural communities are disproportionately more disadvantaged than urban centres due to governmental neglect. Consequently, the number of rural inhabitants that migrate to cities in the hope of overcoming the powerlessness that is consistent with rural life is unprecedented. The resulting population densities in these destinations and the corresponding disadvantages require effective regulations that will engage the push factors, on one hand, and methods for in-migrants to adjust to destination cities without infringing on the existing social equilibrium, on the other. Although the adjustability of some in-migrants in Lagos was examined, the challenge of non-regulation and the consequent unmanageable migrant-inflow into the city sustain the burden at family and societal levels. This paper argues that Nigeria, generally, practices a non-regulatory internal migration system with prospective recipients, most times, forced to adjust grudgingly to unforeseen human additions. Investigating how these receiving families and groups are coping with this recurring contingency is critical to understanding the burden and contradictions of the non-existence of registration systems and haphazardness in spatial allocations, land use, distribution of public resources and compliance to laws. Suggesting appropriate context-specific intervention strategies to a non-regulatory migration patterns and processes, as in the case of Nigeria, is strongly recommended.Item Item Youths and risky sexual behaviour: a kap study on HIV/AIDS amongst University of Ibadan student(2009-09) Akokuwebe, M. E.; Okunola, R. A.; Falayi, O. E.This study examined knowledge, awareness and attitude of sexual behaviour as factors likely to affect risk-taking behaviours. Six hundred undergraduates of the University of Ibadan participated in this cross-sectional survey (100 Level and 400 Level students). Data were collected using three structured and validated scales. Results indicated that HIV transmission knowledge has a significant effect on sexual risk-taking behaviours. Misconception on the transmission of HIV/AIDS was also been reported and had a significant effect on risk-taking behaviours. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of HIV increases youths' risky sexual behaviours. An attitude such as one cannot contract HIV in their first time of sexual intercourse also increases their chances of risky behaviour. It is, thus, recommended that HIV awareness campaigns be intensified, while attitude-change initiatives should be embarked upon to discourage youths from risky sexual behaviour.Item Prevalence and consequences of Ewu-ukwu custom in Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria(2008) Isiugo-Abanihe, U. C.; |Nwokocha, E. E.Studies have consistently shown that fertility among the Igbo of Southeast Nigeria is high, and particularly higher among the Mbaise people. Multiple socio-economic and cultural factors such as son preference, stigma and discrimination ascribed to childlessness and other relevant practices in different communities bolster frequent child-bearing among Igbo women even without prompting from their husbands and, at times in conditions that threaten their lives. In Mbaise in particular, the ewu-ukwu custom which is celebrated to honour a woman after her tenth child is perceived as an index of accomplishment and self-actualization. The objectives of the study are to examine the prevalence of the ewu-ukwu custom in Mbaise, and to identify the categories of people who are breaking with the tradition by discontinuing the practice and the factors motivating them to do so. Furthermore, the consequences of the custom on maternal and child health as well as on care and welfare of young people was explored. The findings indicate that the custom has waned, but as long as it lasted, the quest for induction into this relatively privileged social group shored up high fertility, and is associated with high maternal and infant mortality and morbidity which are themselves exacerbated by poor health facilities. Also, the ewu-ukwu custom has multidimensional implications for the wellbeing and gender roles of relevant individuals and groups which call for urgent interventions and societal re-orientation