FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
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Item Male sexual dysfunction, leptin, pituitary and gonadal hormones in Nigerian males with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus(Avicenna Research Institute, 2016) Fabian, U. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R; Hassan, O. O.; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.Background: Pituitary and gonadal dysfunctions resulting from increased adiposity leading to disturbances of sexual and reproductive functions have been reported in males with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual dysfunction, leptin, and reproductive hormones in Nigerian males with MS and DM2. Methods: Participants were 104 men (34 males with DM2, 17 men with MS and 53 men with normal body mass index (18.5-24.9 Kg/m2) without MS (controls)). The International Diabetes Federation (2005) criteria were used for MS diagnosis. Reproductive history, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) and 10 ml fasting blood samples were obtained by standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated. Leptin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone and oestrogen were determined by enzyme immunoassay (leptin by Diagnostic Automation, Inc.; others by Immunometrics (UK) Ltd.) while oestrogen-testosterone ratio was calculated. Data analyzed using ANOVA, Chi square and multiple regression were statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Testosterone was significantly lower in MS than controls while oestradiol and ETR were significantly higher in MS compared with controls and DM2 group (p<0.05). ETR significantly predicted testosterone in all groups (p<0.05). Significantly lower libido was observed in men in MS than controls and DM2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sexual and reproductive dysfunction may be related to increased conversion of testosterone to oestrogen in increased adipose mass in men with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Item Reproductive function in premenopausal African blacks with metabolic syndrome: associations among Inhibin B, adipokines, pituitary and sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin(2016) Famuyiwa, I. O.; Bitrus, D. P.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fabian, U. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.|; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.|; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Okoli, S. U.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.Reproductive dysfunction is associated with metabolic syndrome. Since fertility is highly valued in Africa, preliminary data on the association of metabolic syndrome with indices of reproductive function in premenopausal Nigerian women was provided. Sixty six premenopausal participants (44 with metabolic syndrome and 22 controls) aged 18-45 years were purposely selected for this study. Reproductive history, blood pressure and waist circumference were obtained by standard methods. Fasting blood was obtained for pituitary hormones, adipokines, sex hormone and sex hormone binding globulin, and inhibin B assays by EIA, ELISA and electro-chemiluminiscence. Plasma glucose, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were estimated by enzymatic methods. Free androgen index and oestrogen-testosterone ratio were calculated. Data obtained were statistically significant at P<0.05. All reproductive factors except follicle stimulating hormone and free androgen index levels were similar in both groups (P>0.05). Leptin levels were higher while adiponectin levels were lower in MS group than controls (P<0.05). Reproductive function appears sustained in MS. However, altered adipokines may relate to MS.Item Sex hormones and their relationship with leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in pre and post-menopausal Nigerian women with metabolic syndrome(2015) Fabian, U. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.; Ajobo, M. B.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.Metabolic Syndrome (MS), which affects 33.1% of Nigerians, predisposing them to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, has been associated with the female gender. The cardioprotective effect of oestradiol against CVD is now controversial and was investigated in premenopausal with MS (PRMMS) and postmenopausal women with MS (POMMS). A total of 191 women (44 PRMMS, 126 POMMS and 21 premenopausal women without MS (PRM) (controls) with mean (s.d) age of 40.0 (6.9), 57.0 (8.8), 29.0 (6.8) years were participants of this study. Demography, blood pressure (BP), anthropometry, hormones, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipids were obtained by standard methods. Data were significant at (P<.05). Age, parity, all anthropometric measures, FPG, leptin, ET ratio and FSH were significantly higher while HDLC, testosterone and prolactin were significantly lower in PRMMS compared with controls (P<.03). In comparison of POMMS with PRMMS, age, parity, WHR, systolic BP, TG, FSH and LH were significantly higher while body weight, HC, and leptin were lower in POMMS compared with PRMMS (P<.05). DBP positively predicted oestradiol in PRM only (P=.044) while oestradiol positively predicted testosterone in PRMMS only (P<.001). In POMMS only, DBP positively predicted testosterone; testosterone, ET ratio and FSH positively predicted oestradiol while LDLC and oestradiol positively predicted the ET ratio (P<.03). Metabolic syndrome may predispose both pre and postmenopausal women to the risk cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oestradiol may protect against cardiovascular diseases in women without metabolic syndrome only.Item Leptin concentrations in African blacks with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus(David Publishing, 2011) Fabian, U. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Ajobo, B. M.; Hassan, O. O.; Adigun, K.; Owolabi, M. O.; Oyewole, O. E.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Akinlade, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.Background: Mortality rate from metabolic/cardiometabolic syndromes (MS/CMS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are highly prevalent in African blacks known with higher mortality from cardiovascular diseases than caucasians. Leptin, a satiety-regulating hormone increases in obesity and is associated with cardiovascular risk and prediction of MS. This study is designed to evaluate leptin in Nigerians with MS and DM2 to assist in the early diagnosis and prevention of metabolic diseases. Methods: 136 participants (45 with MS, 47 with DM2 and 44 apparently healthy individuals (controls)) aged 18-80 years were included in a cohort study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Measures of adiposity-%body fat, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC respectively), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure were obtained by standard methods. 10 ml of blood were obtained from each participant after an overnight fast (10-14 h) and analysed for leptin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose by standard methods while low density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated. Data obtained were analysed statistically with SPSS software version 16.0. Results: Weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, %body fat, blood pressure, TG, LDL-C, and glucose were significantly higher while HDL-C was significantly lower in individuals with MS and DM2 compared with controls (p<0.039). Leptin levels were significantly higher in MS group and not in DM2 group when compared with controls (p=0.000). Leptin did not correlate with any of the biochemical indices (p>0.05) tested but correlated significantly with different measures of adiposity in all groups. Leptin correlated negatively but significantly with blood pressure in MS group only. Conclusion: Increases in leptin levels in both MS and DM2 groups might reflect adiposity. Observed high leptin levels in MS group might be a compensatory mechanism for maintenance of weight/fat loss and blood pressure. Its routine analysis may assist in assessing adiposity associated with MS and DM2 for probable prevention of metabolic diseases.