Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates obtained from catfish and tilapia fish types consumed in Ibadan.

Abstract

This study was carried out to identify antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fish types at Eleyele, University of Ibadan fish farm and Asejire all within Ibadan metropolis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on Ninety (90) of the previously isolated bacterial isolates using the agar gel diffusion technique. Antibiotics used were Gentamycin, Ofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Ampicillin, Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Erythromycin, Amikacin and Ticarcillin. Various level of multi drug resistance was observed among the isolates. The bacterial population identified from this study includes; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella ozaenae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii and Moraxella catarrhalis. Twelve (12) of the isolates were further subjected to plasmid profile analysis in which, plasmids of different sizes were found for 10 of the isolates. It was observed that only one Shigella sp., out of the Five (5) isolates had lost the plasmids and became responsible to the earlier resistant antibiotics while the other four isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus maintained their resistance to the antibiotics. The spread of multidrug resistance pathogens has constituted a major impediment to the control of infectious diseases, and since this study has shown that fish samples could be a reservoir of bacteria carrying R-plasmids as well as genes responsible for resistance, therefore, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be discouraged and also national regulations on the use of antibacterial should be introduced and enforced.