Browsing by Author "Adejumo, A. O."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 26

Approaches in handling ethical challenges of cancer treatments and research in Nigeria
(2009) Adejumo, A. O.
The diagnosis of cancer can devastate the physical, emotional, and socio-economic life of an individual. Caring for most cancer patients presents serious ethical challenges to physicians and other health workers. Inclusion of cancer patients in research could be no less challenging, These ethical problems become significantly magnified in the context of patients who have cancer in a low resource environment characterized by high illiteracy rate, poverty and poor health care infrastructure, Some of the ethical problems include: palliative care and end of life issues, particularly since most patients present in advanced stages, withholding or withdrawal Of life support, global equity and justice in drug availability, drug pricing, cancer research and breaking bad news, Adherence to ethical guidelines ill conducting cancer research would go a long way in reducing harms and unethical conducts. Similarly, the relevance of clinical and research ethics committees in resolving complex ethical issues in clinical practice has been suggested. However, where these are in place, the need for recourse to philosoph ical approach, especially virtue ethics in analyzing and resolving ethical concerns in clinical practice cannot be overemphasized. This paper highlights the burden of cancer in Nigeria and the ethical challenges of clinical management of cancer patients, using a case study. The role of clinical ethics and health research ethics committees as well as the justification for virtue ethics above principlism in handling ethical issues in cancer management and research in Nigeria were highlighted.
"comparison of perception of HIV/AIDS Risk and sexual Risk Behaviours Among Youths with and without Disabilities in Oyo State, Nigeria"
(lbadan Journal of the sociat sciences, 2015) Umoren, A. M.; Adejumo, A. O.
"The study investigated the perception of HIV/AIDS risk and sexual risk behaviours among youths with disabilities (WD) in comparison with youths without disabilities (cotnparison group)' The study adopted a cross-sectional survey with 362 participants comprising 181 WD with visual impaired 29(161o), physically challenged 40 (22.1Vo) and hearing impaired 112 (61'9Va) and comparison group (N = 181). A \9-item structured questionnaire was usedfor data collection' The instrument was revalidated and found to be highty reliable and valid for the study'Kruskal- Wallis test for dffirences was used to determine the dffirences in perception of HIV/AIDS risk and sexual risk behaviours among the two Sroups as well as t-test' The resufts showed that there was a significant dffirence in perception of HIV/AIDS risk between WD and the comparison Sroup tx, = (t) = 27.79, p < 0.01)l as well as a significant dffirence in sexual riskbehaviours amonS thetwoSroups[X,=(1)=23.117,p<0.01)].Thet-testalsorevealedasignificantdifference between the groups on sexual risk behaviours [t(360) = 4.926, p < 0.01)]and HIV/AIDS risk tt(360) = 5.301, P < 0.01)1. It was further reported that wD recorded higher sexual risk 'behaviour(i=9.35,5D=4'137,n=l8l)thanthecomparisongroup(=7'48'SD=3'008'n= 181). This trend was also reported on HIV/AIDS risk, with wD recording higher (= 14'56' SD = 6.537, n = 181) than the comparison group (= 11.23, SD = 5.385, n = j,81)' Thefindings ofthe paper were duly discussed withfar reaching recommendations for policy making' The study offers a new understanding of the perception of the HMAIDS risk and sexual risk behaviour in this group ofyouth population as well as provide relevant stakeholders with new vista in handling HIV/AIDS issues and sexualiry of the disabled'"
Constraints in nurses´ use of HIV protective barriers in the care of PLWHA in the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria
(2009) Olatunji, O. O.; Adejumo, P. O.; Adejumo, A. O.
This survey examines the constraints limiting nurses’ use of protective barriers in the care of people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria. 270 females and 5 male nurses working in UCH were purposively selected. A self-developed questionnaire was used during data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square. Results about nurses’ use of protective devices (eg gloves) showed that 206 (94.2%) use PB always, 15 (5.5%) frequently use PB and 1(0.4%) occasionally use PB. Chi-square test shows significant differences between constraints in the use of PB in the care of PLWHA and adherence to HIV/AIDS universal precautions (X1=15.22, 1df, p<0.05). It was concluded that nurses in the selected setting were faced with constraints in the use of PB and as such were inadequately protected from blood-borne diseases especially when caring for PLWHA
Dispositional and situational factors as determinants of food eating behaviour among sedentary and blue-collar workers in Nigeria’s premier teaching hospital
(International Hospital Federation, 2011) Adejumo, A. O.
This cross sectional survey investigated the rate of dispositional (self-efficacy and self-esteem), and situational factors (distractibility and perceived food variety) as determinants of food eating behavior (FEB). Hospital employees (N500) in Nigeria’s premier teaching Hospital participated. Results showed that self-efficacy and self-esteem jointly predicted cognitive restraint dimension of FEB (F(2,499) = 26.00; R2= 0.10; p<.05). dispositional variables jointly predicted uncontrolled eating (F(2,499)=17.41; R2= 0.07; p<.05), emotional eating (F(2,499) = 28.58; R2= 0.10; p<.05), and cognitive restraint (F(2,499) = 35.60; R2=0.13; p<.05) dimensions of FEB. Age (x2= 64.81; df=1; p<.05), and marital status (x2=32.74; df=4; p<.05) were associated with FEB. Therefore, dispositional and situational variables are predictors of FEB as evidenced in previous literatures. The need for primary prevention, and assertiveness to reduce distractibility and eating disorders was highlighted towards maintaining health and efficiency at work is recommended.
Ethical issues in scientific research
(Social Science Academy of Nigeria, 2008) Adejumo, A. O.
Evaluation of the effect of cognitive therapy on perioperative anxiety and depression among Nigerian surgical patients
(2003) Osinowo, H.O.; Olley, B. O.; Adejumo, A. O.
Study Objective: Surgical patients have been known to benefit immensely from psychological intervention. This study sets out to assess the pre and post operative anxiety levels and depression and the effect of cognitive therapy among Nigerian surgical patients. The effects of gender and educational status on preoperative anxiety and depression were also evaluated. Study design: The study utilized a controlled outcome design to evaluate the efficacy of self- instructional training (SIT) and rational emotive therapy (RET) in surgical patients. Preoperative anxiety and depression scores were used as co-variants. Patients: Thirty-three (33) elective surgical patients were sampled randomly, divided into three groups of eleven (11) patients each. Eight (8) subjects underwent gynaecological procedure while the remaining 25 subjects had general surgical procedures. The mean age was 32.72± 15.83 years (range= 17-16 years). Measurements: the major instruments used in the study were the State Anxiety Subscale of the Speilberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Inventory. Main results: AIT had the potential to reduce anxiety levels among subjects postoperatively (t=2.06; df-10; p<0.05). The use of RET reduced depression among surgical patients (t=1.23; df=10; p<0.05). Conclusions: it was concluded that surgical patients manifest varying degrees of anxiety preoperatively and postoperatively. Patient’s pre and postoperative anxiety and depression can be reduced by the introduction of SIT and RET.
Evaluation of the effect of cognitive therapy on perioperative anxiety and depression among Nigerian surgical patients
(2003-12) Osinnowo, H. O.; Olley, B. O.; Adejumo, A. O.
Study Objective Surgical patients have been known to benefit immensely from psychological interventions. This study set out to assess the pre and post operative anxiety levels and depression and the effect of cognitive therapy among Nigerian surgical patients. The effects of gender and educational status on perioperative anxiety and depression were also evaluated. Study design. The study utilized a controlled outcome design to evaluate the efficacy of self-instructional training (SIT) and rational emotive therapy (RET) in surgical patients. Preoperative anxiety and depression scores were used as co-variants. Patients Thirty-three (33) elective surgical patients were sampled randomly, divided into 3 groups of eleven (11) patients each. Eight (8) subjects underwent gynaecological procedures while the remaining 25 subjects had general surgical procedures. The mean age was 32.72± 15.83 years (range = 17-16 years.) Measurements The major instruments used in the study were the State Anxiety Subscale of the Speilberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Inventory. Main results SIT had the potential to reduce anxiety level among subjects postoperatively (t = 2.06; df= 10; P <0.05). The use of RET reduced depression among surgical patients (t= 1.23; df = 10; P <0.05). Conclusions It was concluded that surgical patients manifest varying degrees of anxiety preoperatively and postoperatively. Patient's pre and postoperative anxiety and depression can be reduced by the introduction of SIT and RET.
Influence of psycho-demographic factors and effectiveness of psycho-behavioural interventions on sexual risk behaviour of in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Ife Center for Psychological Studies, 2012-03) Adejumo, A. O.
Sexual risk behaviours (SRBs) among youths continue to reverse the initial gains in HIV/STD control in Nigeria. Very little is known about the interactive influence of psycho-demographic factors (self concept. HIVIAIDS knowledge, and gendezr) and psycho-behavioural interventions (psycho-education and assertiveness training) in reducing HIV SRBs among at-risk in-school adolescents. The study investigated the influence of psycho-demographic factors and psycho-behavioural interventions on HIV SRB. The quasi-experimental study purposively recruited 120 participants who reported unsafe HTV SRB during a school-wide survey in Ibadan. They responded to an 85-item questionnaire, and were further exposed to a 6-week psycho-behavioura1 treatment. Following a 3x2x2x2 ANCOVA, MCA and descriptive statistics, results showed that treatments significantly influenced HIV SRB (F (2,119) = 11.31, P <0,005). Psycho-education intervention participants recorded greater reductions in HIV SRB (n.40. Ẋ=29.57), followed by the assertiveness training group (n.40. Ẋ=39.68), and lastly the control group (n.40. Ẋ= 43.90). Female adolescents with high self-concept and good knowledge of HIV/AIDS who received psycho-education recorded the greatest reduction in HIV SRB (n6, Ẋ=24.67. SD=5.89). Male adolescents in the control group with low self-concept but with good HIV/AIDS knowledge (n6, Ẋ= 53.50, SD=16.23) recorded the most unsafe post intervention HIV SRB score. Good knowledge of HIVIAIDS alone does not yield safe HIV SRB, but additional exposure to psycho-education, with good self-concept development. Therefore, behavioural techniques should be considered along with-other interventions in STDs and HIV control among in-school adolescents.
Influence of psycho-demographic factors on fear of crime among multi-nationals in Lagos, Nigeria.
(Tokiwa International Victimology Institute, 2011) Adejumo, A. O.
The influence of personality variables, perceived security, perceived police effectiveness and demographic factors as they relate to fear of crime (FOC) in convenience samples of multi-nationals (N=202) and Nigerian nationals living in Lagos, Nigeria, was investigated. Nigerians reported the highest level of FOC while Americans reported the lowest level of FOC. Results indicate the combined influence of psychological factors and an independent effect of perceived security. Demographic factors jointly predicted FOC and gender. Perceived police effectiveness and perceptions of security were positively correlated. Significant differences related to FOC were found among all national groups. These findings suggest that individuals and government at all levels should be aware that FOC varies among foreigners and that FOC is predicted by perceived security and gender. Psychological and social relief efforts to meet specific socio-cultural and demographic differences in the country may contribute to a reduction in FOC in Nigeria.
Influence of social support, depression, and self-esteem on burden of care among caregivers of oncology patients
(International Hospital Federation, 2009) Adejumo, A. O.
This study investigated the influence of social support, depression and self-esteem on the burden of care among informal caregivers of oncology patients. The cross-sectional correlational study included 278 informal oncology caregivers. Results showed a significant main effect of self-esteem (F(1,277) = 5.35; p<.05), and interaction effect of social support and depression (F(1, 277) = 4.86; p<.05) on caregivers’ burden. Caregivers with high level of depression (t=4.06, df=282, p<.001), and others with high levels of social support (t=4.06, df=282, p<.001) recorded significantly higher levels of caregivers’ burden. This suggests the need for improving the psychological well-being of informal caregivers of oncology patients in the expanding role of family community members in caring for cancer patients.
Influence of social support, work overload and parity on pregnant career women’s psychological well being
(Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 2008) Adejumo, A. O.
The influence of social support, work overload and parity on psychological well-being of pregnant career women was investigated. Women executives (N200) attending antenatal clinics were selected. A 2 x 2 x 2 analysis of variance (A NOVA) revealed significant independent influence of social support (F (1. 199) = 26.51, p<0.05) and work overload (F (1.199) =461.76, p<0.05), and significant joint effect of social support and work overload. There was no significant effect of parity (F (1.199) = 0.72, p < 0.05). Combinations of parity, social support and work overload were also not significant (F (1. 199) = 0.80, p> 0.05). Social support and appropriate work incentives are helpful in assisting pregnant women executives in coping with psychological changes during pregnancy.
Informed consent in international research: perspectives from India, Iran and Nigeria
(2006) Bhan, A.; Majd, M.; Adejumo, A. O.
The amount of international biomedical research is increasing and much of this is happening in developing countries. It is important to place adequate focus on the issue of obtaining voluntary informed consent. Researchers need to understand local socio-cultural realities and also respect local cultural beliefs and indigenous research guidelines. Through examples from India, Iran and Nigeria the authors highlight the diversity within and between developing country situations. Emphasis is placed on the importance of informed consent in research as well as clinical practice settings, and the need to be enterprising and innovative in obtaining it.
The need for cultural contextualization in establishing psychological wellness or illness
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2010) Adejumo, A. O.
Even though the wellbeing literature in psychology is fairly massive, earlier attempts at defining the term have failed to emphasize the pertinence of cultural factors in obtaining a more socially appropriate definition of the term. Hitherto, diagnostic manuals and authors in the area of mental health have been largely driven by medically related models as backgrounds in giving explanations in the area of psychological wellbeing. However, many societies (with their pre-historic values and precepts) had long existing frameworks for establishing psychological health or illness before the advent of current nosological approaches. While it is inappropriate to question the scientific basis of current theories, advancing knowledge within the vicissitudes of our historical past in the context of newer information require the adoption of current gains in scientific trails formation of the area of psychological health; considering peculiar traditional perception of mental health and illness across cultures. This paper attempts to illustrate the relevance of culture and sub-cultural practices in defining the concept of psychological well being, yet appreciating the need to situate these within the' global definition of psychological health. When this is adopted by psychologists and other mental health practitioners, establishing individual and group norms on the mental health-illness continuum will be more society and context specific. The divergence will also yield broader explanations to the existing dogmas in diagnostic criteria in mental health literature. With this in view, the discipline of psychology will be adding value to evidence based assessment and diagnosis, strengthening the insistence on reliability and validity in psychology.
Perceived HIV stigmatization, HIV/AIDS cognition and personality as correlates of HIV self-disclosure among people living with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria
(lfe Center for Psychological Studies & Services, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2011) Adejumo, A. O.
The relationship between perceived HIV stigmatization, HIV/AIDS cognition, personality and HIV self-disclosure (HSD) was investigated. The influence of age and gender on these was also examined PLWHA (N421) in Ibadan, Nigeria participated in the cross-sectional study. A positive relationship of extraversion (r=-. 738, df=421, P<.05), HIV cognition (r=-.621, df=421, P<.05), neuroticism (r=-.212, df=421, P<.05) and agreeableness personality traits (r=-.155,df= 421, P<,05) with HSD was observed. A 2x2x2x2 factorial analysis showed that old females, with low perceived stigmatisation, but with good HIV cognition (n=23, Ẋ =18.2, SD=3.8) were most likely to disclose their status. Perceived stigmatisation, HIV cognition, and personality jointly predicted HSD (R2=.52; F (3,418) =.7.66 P <.05). Negative HIV cognition, perceived stigmatization, openness and conscientious personality traits are major barriers to HSD. Non disclosure remains an enormous barrier to the fight against HIV and AIDS. Policies and actions should therefore focus on these issues in HIV prevention, care and support.
Perceived role of dietary factors in cancer causation and prevention among university undergraduates
(Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2009) Adejumo, P. O.; Adejumo, A. O.; Anisu, D. F.
The impact of cancer on patients, care givers and family could be extremely traumatic, yet predisposition to the disease could be curtailed. Excess fat and calories; inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, fibre, calcium and other dietary imbalances as well as alcohol, smoking and chronic infections are essential cancer aetiological factors. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the association between perceived role of dietary factors in cancer causation and prevention. The cross sectional study adopted an exploratory survey technique. It took place in the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Using multi-stage sampling, 346 undergraduates whose ages ranged between 20 and 30 years participated. They responded to a 51-item questionnaire which tapped information on their demographic characteristics, knowledge of cancer; awareness about dietary factors in cancer causation and prevention, and perception of the role of dietary factors in cancer causation and prevention. Results showed that the respondents' level of awareness of cancer was generally high ((91.9%) with few differences across demographic characteristics. However; the relative importance of the relationship between cancer and diet was underestimated (37.3%), and 12.1% of them completely missed the correct cancer risk factors. Similarly, 92 participants (16.6%) believed that cancer is a supernatural disease that cannot be prevented. One hypothesis was tested using chi square, it revealed that there is a significant association between awareness of cancer and knowledge of the role of dietary factors in cancer causation and prevention (X2=-50.24, df =-2, p=- 0.001). With the relatively high degree of awareness of cancer and acceptance of dietary factors as cancer risk determinants, campaigns which involve skill transfer and removal of barriers to change would enhance cancer preventive behaviour among university undergraduate. It is recommended that improvement in health education through inclusion of contents related to cancer causes, prevention and management, as well as social support programmes including subsidized cancer limiting feeding of undergraduates would be necessary in cancer prevention.
Preparing for H1n1 Flu-pandemic in Nigeria: ethical considerations for health care workers
(Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, lbadan, Nigeria, 2010-12) Adejumo, A. O.
The 2009 swine flu (H1N1 influenza) has spread globally with unprecedented speed. Considering the ease of transmission of the zoonosis, and current efforts to curtail the virus, national and international efforts to prevent further transmission of the virus are imperative. In Nigeria, current preventive efforts have failed to consider the ethical challenges of disaster preparedness. It is imperative to consider; ethics of quarantine deciding circumstances when public health trumps individual autonomy; as well as health workers' duty to care for H1N1 victims versus their right to refuse treatment to prevent contracting the highly contagious virus among others. The seriousness of the potential risk that healthcare workers could face during a swine flu outbreak brings to light unrealistic assumptions about duty and risk that informed the debate on duty to care in the early years of HIV/AIDS and SARS. These should be consistent with our values and peculiar needs, recognizing our shared vulnerability to disease and death. Altruism and heroism of individual healthcare workers may not be exclusive, but a synergy of health care planning and care provision in preventing another human scourge
Psycho-demographic factors as determinants of perceived accident vulnerability among commercial motorcyclists in two Nigerian cities
(Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, 2011-09) Adejumo, A. O.
This study investigated the influence of psychological and socio-demographic factors on perceived vulnerability to road accidents (VTRA) among commercial motorcyclists. The cross-sectional survey included 292 participants following multi-stage sampling. A 65-item questionnaire was used for data collection. Analysis included ANOVA, regression, t-test, and descriptive statistics. Results showed that aged commercial motorcyclists operating in Ibadan with poor knowledge of road signs, who also rarely use psychoactive substances (n=25, =18.0), as well as aged motorcyclists operating in Ibadan with poor knowledge of road signs, who rarely use substances (n=21, = 18. 0) reported the highest level of perception of VTRA. Substance use pattern (F (292) = 51.25, P < 0.01), personality (F (292) = 4. 70, P < 0.001), and a combination of substance use pattern, personality, location, and road signs knowledge (F (292) = 6.94, P <0.01) significantly influenced perceived accident vulnerability among participants. Experience in riding commercial motorcycles (t (292) = 1.299,df =289, p<.05), and location/city (n=292, t= 1.688, p<.05) also significantly predicted perception of VTRA (t (292) = 1.299, p<.05). This highlights the importance of substance use, personality factors (openness and agreeableness), and experience as factors critical to the understanding of 'perception of VTRA, suggesting the need for strengthening anti-drug campaign, as well as psychological/personality testing in reducing road traffic accidents involving commercial motorcyclists.
Psychological predictors of life satisfaction among undergraduates
(2013) Oladipo, S. E.; Adenaike, F. A.; Adejumo, A. O.; Ojewumi, K. O.
Informed by previous research finding which established evidence of low satisfaction among undergraduates in Nigeria, the purpose of this paper was to examine the psychological variables that would predict satisfaction with life among undergraduates in Southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional ex post facto survey design was adopted and convenient sampling method was used. Three hundred and twenty (118, i.e. 36.9%) male and 202 (63.1%) female students, ages ranging between 16 to 27 years (M = 28.47, SD = 8.76) participated in this study. Validated scale was used for data collection and the hypothesis stated was confirmed after testing with appropriate statistics. The result showed that NaCh and Hloc significantly predicted satisfaction with life among undergraduates, whereas, anxiety was not a significant predictor. Internals who were high on need achievement were low on satisfaction with life, while externals who were low on need achievement were high on satisfaction with life. Conclusion was reached that professional services would be required for undergraduates with low satisfaction with life in order to orientate them regarding adjustment and coping with reality of life in order to prevent psychological breakdown. A limitation to this is study would be the small sample size and the limited psychological variables that were examined. However, further research may make these a focus.
Relationship between psycho- demographic factors and perception of corruption by local government civil servants in Osun State, Nigeria
(lfe Center for Psychological Studies, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2011-03) Adejumo, A. O.; Ogbewe, C.
Even though global corruption is assuming a worrisome dimension in Nigeria. This study investigated the relationship between psychological and demographic factors in predicting the perception of corruption. The cross-sectional correlational study included 600 Civil servants: 320 males an d 230 females following multi-stage sampling. A 67 item questionnaire was used for data collection Data analysis included Pearson Product Moment Correlation and regression. Results showed that there was significant positive relationship between fraudulent intent (r = 0.671, P<.05), personality (r = 0.631, P<.05), fear of crime (r =0.491, P<.05), need for achievement (r = 0.486, P<.05), and perception of corruption. There was Significant relationship between age of the respondents (r =0.385, P<.05) and perception of corruption. There was no Significant relationship between level of education (r = 0.049, P>.05). socioeconomic status (r = 0.041, P>.05), length of service (r = 0.020, P>.05), and perception of corruption. This highlights the importance of fraudulent intent, personality and age as factors critical to the understanding of an individual's perception of corruption suggesting the need for national re-orientation and mobilization to reawaken positive cognitive appraisal and response to corruption.
Relationship between psycho-demographic factors and civil servants’ attitude to corruption in Osun State, Nigeria
(New University Press, 2010) Adejumo, A. O.
The relationship between psycho-demographic factors and attitude to corruption (ATC) was investigated. The cross-sectional survey included 600 local government civil servants following multi-stage sampling. A 58-item self report validated questionnaire was used for data gathering. There was significant relationship between; personality (r = 0.543, P<.05), fraudulent intent (r = 0.557, P<.05), N-Ach (r = 0.476, P<.05) and ATC. Fear of crime (r = -.449, P<.05) had an inverse relationship with ATC. Personality was the most potent predictor of ATC (β = 0.251, t = 5.645, P <.05). There was significant relationship between age (r=.203, P<.05) and ATC. This study provides insight to the role of these psychological factors and age as fundamental to improving public servants’ ATC, especially in Nigeria. Utilisation of these findings will also be useful in staff recruitment and reduction of corruption in private and public administration in other settings