Browsing by Author "Adesokan,H.K"

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Brucellosis In trade cattle in Lagos State: an investigation of two abbatoirs.
(2009) Cadmus, S.I.B; Osikoya,I.E; Adesokan,H.K
brucellosis affects domestic and wild animals as well as humans (charters,1980). Humans are usually affected due to zoonotic transmission from animals (mostly ruminants). Bovine brucellosis is usually caused by brucella abortus, less frequently by B. melitensis and rarely by B. suis (FAO,2003). it is usually manifested by abortion, with excretion of the organisms in uterine discharges and in milk. diagnosis depends on the isolation of brucella sp. from aborted material, udder secretion or from tissues removed at post-mortem examination. on the other hand, brucella antigens can be demonstrated through specific cell mediated or serological reactions(FAO,2003) the disease is endemic in Nigeria's livestock (Adamu and Ajogi,1999; Ishola and Ogundipe,2001) and serological prevalence rates of between 0.20% and 79.70% have been reported in various parts of the country 9Ocholi et al.,1977; Falade 2002; Cadmus et al;2006), therefore pointing at its public health implications. Lagos state is the second most populous state in Nigeria (NPC,2006) and the economic nerve centre of the nation. beef constitutes a major source of protein for the people in the state and equally a ready source of transmission of zoonotic diseases. since the last documented report of bovine brucellosis in Lagos state was about three decades ago(Esuruoso and ayanwale,1980), we therefore sought to determine the current status of the diseases among trade cattle in the state.
Food Safety Training Is Associated with Improved Knowledge and Behaviours among Foodservice Establishments’ Workers
(2014) Adesokan,H.K; Akinseye,V.O; Adesokan,G.A
Though several studies have evaluated the association between food safety training and behavior, little has investigated different training components in association with food handlers’ performance. Foodservice workers (𝑁 = 211) with at least two years’ experience were willing to participate and were selected from major foodservice establishments in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, and completed a survey to evaluate the association between training, training area, duration, and refresher training and food safety knowledge and practices.We observed an association between training and knowledge (𝑃 = 0.000) as well as practices (𝑃 = 0.05) of food safety while different training areas contributed similarly to food handlers’ knowledge (𝑃 = 0.17) and practices (𝑃 = 0.08). However, there was a significant decline in knowledge (𝑃 = 0.01) and practices (𝑃 = 0.001) with an increase in training duration. Furthermore, foodservice employees with refresher training demonstrated significantly higher knowledge (𝑃 = 0.000) and practice (𝑃 = 0.003) levels than those without, being about 45 and 14 times more likely to, respectively, improve their knowledge (OR = 45; 95%CI: 3.47–584.34) and practice (OR= 13.5; 95%CI: 2.01–90.69).Researchers should always consider varying training components before making assertions regarding effectiveness of training on foodservice workers’ behaviour.
importance at Oko-Oba abbatoir,Lagos state
(2010) Cadmus, S.I.B; Adesokan,H.K; Adejuwon,T.A; Adeyemi, M.O
Meat inspection in abbatoirs plays a fundamental role in identifying zoonotic diseases in animals slaughtered for human consumption. This study was carried out to review the current status of tuberculosis annd other diseases of public health importance in slaughtered cattle at Oko-Oba abbatoir,Lagos state over a period of four years (2004-2007). A total of 1, 154. 757 cattle were slaughtered from which 22, 073 (1.91%) HAD PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS: with 4, 734 (0.41%) and 17, 339 (1.50%) being due to tuberculosis and other diseases of public health importance respectively. The overall infection rate varied significantly with seasons of the year (p< 0.05, xsquare=25.76). similarly, the 1.50% for the non-tuberculosis diseases comprising fascioliasis (0.67%), myiasis(0.42%), dermatophilosis (0.30%) and cysticercosis (0.11%) differs significantly from the 0.41% recorded for tuberculosis (p<0.05). therefore showing more losses attributed to these other diseases. Our findings show that approximately two out of every 100 cattle slaughtered at this abbatoir pose potential health risks to the consumers in the state. Hence, the government and other stakeholders in the livestock industry need to join efforts at controlling and possibly eradicating these diseases fron the cattle population.
Informal and formal meat marketing in Ibadan, Nigeria: public health implications from microbial assessment
(2021) Adesokan,H.K; Obimdike,O.C; Adetunji,V.O
Introduction: informal food marketing is predominantly practiced in developing countries as it solves major social and economic challenges through the provision of employment and easily accessible food products at relatively inexpensive prices. However, such products often escape effective health and safety regulations which relatively characterize formal marketing, thus posing threats to public health. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional microbial assessment of randomly collected raw meats (n=224) sold at selected informal (n=112) and formal (n=112) meat markets in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria for Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. using standard protocols. Isolates were evaluated for antibiogram patterns by Kirby-Bauer Assay and data analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: overall, 75.5%, 65.2%, 61.6%, and 46.9% of the 224 samples were positive for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, and E. coli, respectively. Significantly higher prevalences were obtained from the informal markets for S. aureus (OR=9.43; 95%CI: 0.05-0.24), L. monocytogenes (OR=9.35; 95%CI: 0.06-0.21), Salmonella spp (OR=10.00; 95%CI: 0.05-0.19) and E. coli (OR=12.99; 95%CI: 0.04-0.15) than the formal markets. The pathogens exhibited total resistance against half ofthe 14 antibiotics studied, with the least resistance to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Conclusion: the significantly higher microbial contamination in meats from informal markets and associated high antibiotic resistance level portends serious public health implications of informal meat marketing. Since informal food marketing also characterizes other developing sub-Saharan African countries, synergy among local and international stakeholders to step up health and safety policies towards regulating activities at informal food markets is urgently required.
Inhibitory activities of selected South west Nigerian Medicinal
(2013) Ajaiyeoba, E.O; Cadmus,S.I.B; Osiyemi,O.A; Adesokan,H.K; Fadare,D.A
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease prevalent in the tropics especially in Africa and Asia is one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality and a global concern. With increasing resistance of the pathogen, to existing antituberculosis drugs and the synergy between TB infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the need for development of new drugs to cope with the infection is urgent.
Knowledge and practices about zoonotic tuberculosis prevention and associated determinants amongst livestock workers in Nigeria; 2015
(2018) Adesokan,H.K; Akinseye,V.O
Zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health disease, but has long been neglected. Information on knowledge and practices of its prevention and influencing factors amongst occupationally exposed individuals is required for designing all-inclusive, informed control programmes. We investigated knowledge and practices related to zoonotic TB prevention and associated determinants amongst herdsmen and abattoir workers in southwestern, south-eastern and north-western Nigeria using semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed with STATA 12. A total of 510 respondents (196 herdsmen; 314 abattoir workers) participated in the survey, of which 58.6% and 46.9% respectively were knowledgeable and demonstrated good practices about zoonotic TB prevention. Almost 60% knew that zoonotic TB transmission was preventable and 49.8% knew transmission could be through consumption of infected animal products. However, only 16.7% knew the disease could be transmitted by aerosol. Just 49.4% sought medical check-up when ill, 37.8% used protective clothing and only 29.2% usually condemned TB infected cattle. Respondents with post-primary education were about three times more likely to be knowledgeable (OR = 2.70, 95%CI: 1.68±4.33) and two times more likely to demonstrate good practice (OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.45±3.42) than those without formal education. Similarly, abattoir workers were about 6.4 times more likely to be knowledgeable (OR: 6.39, 95%CI: 4.31±9.47) and two times more likely to demonstrate good practice (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.40±2.92) than the herdsmen. There were important knowledge gaps with poor practices about zoonotic TB prevention amongst livestock workers in Nigeria. Strong predictors of knowledge and practice were being an abattoir worker and having post-primary education. Well-designed grassroots enlightenment programmes addressing modes of transmission, handling infected cattle and seeking medical check-up are urgently needed among high risk settings considering the recently launched Road Map for Zoonotic Tuberculosis which resonates that every tuberculosis case counts towards 2030 End-TB Strategy.
Knowledge and practices related to bovine brucellosis transmission amongst livestock workers in Yewa, south-western Nigeria
(2013) Adesokan,H.K; Alabi,P.I; Stack, J.A; Cadmus,S.I.B
Brucellosis is an endemic disease in the animal population in Nigeria and of major public health importance, particularly amongst livestock workers who are ignorant of the risk of Brucella infection. Therefore, to gain insight into the knowledge and practices related to brucellosis transmission amongst livestock holders (LH) and livestock marketers (LM) in Yewa, an international livestock trading centre in south-western Nigeria, we conducted an interview-based study using a cluster sampling technique. In all, a total of 157 respondents comprising 54 LH and 103 LM were interviewed. Two-thirds (69.5%) of the two groups had poor knowledge of brucellosis with no significant difference between them (p = 0.262). Furthermore, consumption of unpasteurised milk, uncooked meat and its products, co-habitation with animals, and poor hygiene were significant risk practices identified as possible means of transfer of Brucella infection from animals to humans amongst these livestock workers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that poor knowledge and practices related to the consumption of unpasteurised or unboiled dairy products, contaminated beef, and unhygienic practices are factors that will facilitate Brucella infections amongst livestock workers in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for more public health enlightenment programmes, as well as implementation of brucellosis control measures in the cattle populations.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of traceability among livestock traders in south-western Nigeria: implications for sustainable livestock industry
(2013) Adesokan,H.K; Ocheja,S.E
Livestock diseases and other animal health events are a threat to achieving sustainable livestock industry. The knowledge of trace-back and the practice of providing feedback on diseases encountered in slaughtered animals from the abattoir to the farmcan help limit the spread as well as manage potential future incidents of such diseases. We assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of 200 willing livestock traders on traceability in Bodija Municipal Abattoir, southwestern Nigeria. The results reveal that the majority of these traders had poor knowledge (79.5 %) and practices (74.0 %) of traceability, though 89.5 % demonstrated good attitudes. While 22.9 % knew that traceability could be an effective means to control diseases, only a lower proportion (9.0 %) knew the health status of the animals being purchased. Though 29.0 % reported the diseases encountered in their animals during slaughter to the farm, only 9.5 % followed up to ensure the farmers take steps at preventing further occurrence of the reported diseases. While age (p =0.000; 0.014) and education (p =0.000; 0.000) were both significant for good knowledge and attitudes, frequency of condemned cases (p =0.000) and length of years in the trade (p =0.004) were, respectively, significant for good knowledge and attitudes with none associated with practice. These poor levels of knowledge and practices of traceability are a threat to sustainable livestock industry, food security and human health; hence, there is an urgent need to institute national feedback mechanism on slaughtered animals in order to strengthen interventions against diseases at farm levels.
Measures taken for bovine tuberculosis prevention among butchers in two major abbatoirs in ibadan,south-western nigeria
(2012) Adesokan,H.K; Rosiji,C.O
Correct measures towards prevention are important in achieving global tuberculosis eradication. A study was conducted to determine the measures taken by butchers for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) prevention at Akinyele and Bodija Municipal Abattoirs in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria, with a view to providing vital information for BTB control. Four hundred and fifty butchers from the two abattoirs were randomly selected for this study and data were collected through the method of questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 12.0. The response rate was 97.1% (437/450). Our findings revealed that their approach towards BTB prevention included practice of good hygiene (17.6%), hand washing (15.6%) after each day’s work, wearing protective materials like gloves and boots (14.4%), use of preventive medicine (14.2%), immunization (12.6%), prayer (10.1%), use of herbs (9.8%) and limited contact with animals or carcasses (5.7%). On limiting cattle to cattle spread of bovine tuberculosis, early isolation of infected animals (29.2%), avoidance of close contact with the infected animals (23.3%), prompt reporting to the veterinarians (22.2%), avoidance of overcrowding of cattle in the kraal (14.9%) and early notification by the cattle handlers (10.3%) were the practices highlighted. Age groups (p= 0.006), sex (p=0.019) and length of working experience (p=0.033) were significant factors associated with the butchers’ correct preventive measures against the spread of bovine tuberculosis. This study provides vital information for the stakeholders in the Public Health Sector for informed steps to be taken to better position the livestock workers especially butchers in the drive towards eradication of tuberculosis including BTB in Nigeria.
mycobacterium africanum and nontuberculous mycobacteria from fresh milk of pastoral cattle and soft cheese in oyo state-implications for public health
(2014) Agada,C.A; Adesokan,H.K; Igwe,D; Cadmus,S.I.B
Mycobacterium bovis in a bull on a university farm: public health implications
(2020) Tijani,M.O; Adesokan,H.K; Kasali,O.B; Cadmus,S.I
An unsuspected bull in a private herd of forty cattle heads in south-western Nigeria died suddenly following three days´ treatment against tick infestation. Post-mortem findings revealed multifocal widespread nodules in all lobes of the lungs with markedly enlarged lymph nodes. Isolate from cultured sample was subjected to spoligotyping which confirmed the isolate as Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) belonging to the SB1027 clade with octal number 676773776277600 (Figure 1). This finding has implications on the health of the cattle handlers considering aerosol inhalation of disseminated bacilli from the lungs of the infected bull through cough sprays. Routine screening of cattle for tuberculosis is therefore emphasized.
Mycobacterium bovis infection in livestock workers in Ibadan, Nigeria: evidence of occupational exposure
(2012) Adesokan,H.K; Jenkins,A.O; Soolingen,D.V; Cadmus,S.I.B
bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in the cattle population in nigeria. Livestock workers are at risk of mycobacterium bovis infection and unaware of their health status. Objective: to determine the occurrence of pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock workers. design: a cross-sectional study of livestock traders was conducted for TB through screening of sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with oral interview on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. specimens were cultured, and the isolates analysed using molecular typing techniques. results: overall, 10% (7/70) of the livestock traders had a positive culture indicative of M. bovis (n = 2) and M. tuberculosis (n = 5) using deletion typing. further spoligotyping analyses of the M. tuberculosis isolates classified the strains as SB1432 and SB09444 and LAM-10 and T1 using respectively www.mbovis.org and spotclust databases. prolonged cough and >3years in the livestock trade were risk factors for infection. conclusion: we confirm that there is undetected pulmonary M. bovis infection among livestock traders in nigeria. further studies on the role of occupationally exposed workers in the transmission of M. bovis infection to the community are required.
Oxytetracycline and penicillin-G residues in cattle slaughtered in south-western Nigeria: Implications for livestock disease management and public health
(2013) Adesokan,H.K; Agada,C.A; Adetunji, V.O; Akanbi,I.M
After the discovery of indiscriminate antibiotic use in ready-for-slaughter cattle in south-western Nigeria, 90 tissue samples from randomly selected slaughtered cattle were evaluated for oxytetracycline and penicillin-G residues using high performance liquid chromatography and the data analysed by one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed residues of oxytetracycline (kidney: 9.47 μ/kg ± 3.24 μ/kg; liver: 12.73 μ/kg ± 4.39 μ/kg; muscle: 16.17 μ/kg ± 5.52 μ/kg) and penicillin-G (kidney: 6.27 μ/kg ± 2.46 μ/kg; liver: 8.5 μ/kg ± 2.80 μ/kg; muscle: 11.67 μ/kg ± 2.94 μ/kg) in all tissues screened. Significantly high levels (oxytetracycline: F = 16.77; penicillin-G: F = 29.38) were, however, found in muscles, followed by liver and then kidney – findings confirming recent antibiotic administration to the animals before slaughter. The dietary intakes through the tissues screened were 0.024% (oxytetracycline) and 0.017% (penicillin-G) of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Although the concentrations in the tissues screened were below the maximum residue limits despite recent administration of these antibiotics before slaughter, the lower concentrations are suggestive of the probable low dosages often administered by those involved in indiscriminate use of antibiotics. This therefore raises serious concerns for the livestock industry as well as human health, given the resultant emergence and spread of resistant strains of bacterial pathogens that could ensue from prolonged use of low dosages of antibiotics. Additionally, the lower concentrations of the daily intakes notwithstanding, the plausible exposure to these antibiotics from other food sources is a cause for concern. Since antimicrobial misuse and its consequent effects are not just a problem limited to Nigeria but also a concern in sub-Saharan Africa, the need for national and international stakeholder intervention is emphasised.
Pattern of antimicrobial usage in livestock animals in south-western Nigeria
(2015) Adesokan,H.K; Akanb,I.O. I; Akanbi,I.M; Obaweda,R.A
Resistance to antibiotics has continued to increase, placing future animal and human disease management in real danger. The developing countries characterised by widespread indiscriminate antibiotic use and in which ‘third-generation’ antibiotics are not readily available or affordable are the worst affected. A 3-year (2010–2012) retrospective survey of antibiotic usage in livestock production in three selected states of south-western Nigeria was conducted. Data obtained from eight purposively selected licensed veterinary pharmaceutical sales establishments in the area, based on keeping detailed sales records for the study period, were analysed using Stata Version 12. Results showed that tetracyclines (33.6%), fluoroquinolones (26.5%) and beta-lactams/aminoglycosides (20.4%) constituted the majority of the antibiotics used over the 3 years. The differences in the quantities of antibiotic types used within each antimicrobial class were statistically significant for tetracyclines (F = 59.87; p < 0.0001) and fluoroquinolones (F = 43.97; p < 0.0001) but not for beta-lactams/aminoglycosides (F = 3.21; p = 0.148). Furthermore, antibiotic consumption increased by 40.4% between 2010 and 2012. Although statistically insignificant (F = 0.277; p = 0.762), the increasing trend across the years was at rates of 23.5% between 2010 and 2011 and 13.8% between 2011 and 2012. In addition, the findings show a significantly higher consumption rate (t = 15.21; df = 5; p < 0.0001) during the rainy (52.5%) than the dry (47.5%) seasons. The current increasing trend in antibiotic usage holds a serious danger for the future and therefore calls for alternative plans to safeguard future livestock production, food security and human health. This becomes more imperative considering emerging resistance against tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, the foremost remedies for livestock diseases in most developing countries.
Porcine Cysticercosis In Slaughtered Pigs And Factors Related To Taenia Solium Transmission Amongst Abattoir Workers In Ibadan, Nigeria
(2019) Adesokan,H.K; Adeoye,F.A
Introduction: porcine cysticercosis is under-reported particularly in Nigeria, despite the reportedly high prevalence of epilepsy and associated life-threatening health implications. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and factors related to Taenia solium transmission to humans. Methods: slaughtered pigs at a major abattoir, south-western Nigeria were randomly inspected and questionnaire was administered to pig workers/consumers while the data were analysed using Stata 12.0. Results: a 4.4% (11/250) prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was obtained; the age, breed, sex and body conditions of pigs were not significant for infection (p < 0.05). Further, none (0.0%) of the respondents knew that T. solium could cause epilepsy in man and 39.5% often defaecated on neighbouring open fields and farmlands. Respondents purchasing pork from home slaughter were about four and ten times less likely to demonstrate good knowledge (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.74) and practice (OR = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.05-0.22) than those purchasing from abattoir. Moreover, those lacking toilet facility were about four and five times less likely to demonstrate good knowledge (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07-0.86) and practice (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.08-0.45) than those who had it. Other factors associated with practices related to T. solium transmission included age (p = 0.000), sex (p = 0.000) and duration (p = 0.003). Conclusion: the increased odds of poor knowledge and practices related to Taenia solium transmission especially among respondents purchasing home slaughter pork and lacking toilet facility provides insights into the parasite epidemiology. Above findings are important in lowering the infection prevalence in pigs and humans in this endemic area.
Prevalence of previously undetected tuberculosis and underlying risk factors for transmission in a prison setting in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria
(2014) Adesokan,H.K; Cadmus,E.O; Adeyemi,W.B; Lawal,O; Ogunlade,C.O; Osman,E; Olaleye,O.D; Cadmus,S.I.B
People with congregational tendencies such as the prison inmates constitute an important target group in the global efforts towards the control of tuberculosis (TB). The prison setting in most developing countries particularly Nigeria, currently does not have routine diagnostic procedures for TB despite the existing risks that could facilitate disease transmission. We conducted a cross sectional study among the inmates in a major prison in south-western Nigeria for TB by screening their sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with questionnaire interview, on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. The overall TB prevalence found was 1.2% (2/164). Significant risk factors that could facilitate disease transmission in the prison included lack of BCG immunization (p = 0.017); history of contact with TB patients (p = 0.020); prolonged cough (p = 0.016) and drug abuse (p = 0.019). Our findings of 1.2% undetected pulmonary TB infection among the inmates though low; still reiterate previous observation that the prison setting constitutes a veritable environment for TB transmission and a threat to public health. Efforts are therefore needed to institute routine screening and reduce the risk factors associated with TB transmission among prison inmates in Nigeria.
Public Health Issues And Observations Made During Meat Inspection At Bodija Municipal Abbatoir, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
(2008) Cadmus, S.I.B; Adesokan,H.K; Adepoju,A.F; Awosanya,A.E.J
the provision of wholesome meat for the public remains the pre-occupation of the veterinary public health practitioners through systematic examinations of food animals such as cattle,goats, sheep and pigs, before and after slaughter with a view to ascertaining whether they are infected by certain scheduled or zoonotic diseases (thorton,1968). therfore,the aim of meat inspection is to provide safe and wholesome meat for human consumption (herenda et al, 1994). several reports have been made on the prevalence rates of diseases of public health importance in Nigeria (babalola and Van Veen, 1976; Antia and Alonge, 1981;Nwosu,1987) and the abbatoirs in the country have continued to experience infrastructural decay and low quality staff leading to general breakdown in the thoroughness of meat inspection. cleaning and sanitation are always considered as important and integral part of the measures necessary to avaoid th transmission of zoonotic diseases (Alonge,2001). in most communities, meat has long occupied a special place in the diet, for a variety of reasons including taste preference, prestige,tradition and availability,with the nutritional aspects being included more recently 9Rogowski,1980). this study was therefore undertaken to assess the public health issues related to meat inspection and observed practices involved in meat processing at the Bodija Municipal Abbatoir. This is with a view to pointing out ways of improving the activities of the meat inspectors and processors in order to provide safe and whollesome meat for the public.
recovery rates of mycobacterium tuberculosis using five decontamination methods
(2012) Falodun,O.I; Adesokan,H.K; Cadmus,S.I.B
tuberculosis (TB) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious diseases in resource limited countries of the world, including Nigeria. For optimal care of patients with pulmonary TB, effective decontamination methods are required for isolation and identification of M. tuberculosis from other fast growing organisms found in sputum samples of infected patients. five methods of sputum decontamination including the petroff,oxalic,bleach,simplified concentration and kodoh methods were assessed prior to mycobacterial culture. in all, thirty human sputum samples were processed and results analysed after eight weeks of incubation. overall, there was a significant difference in the growth yield using the different methods (friedman test statistic,Q =36.3; p<0.05). again,a significant difference (friedman test statistic,Q = 48.0; P <0.05) was observed between the valuable and non-valuable yield of mycobacteria. furthermore, the simplified concentration method had the best performance in terms of pure culture growth/minimal media contamination coupled with a cost benefit ratio of 0.10; the bleach method being the least. given these findings,coupled with laboratory challenges in developing countries as well as ease of use on the field/cost effectiveness: we propose the simplified concentration as an optimal decontamination method for use in resources limited settings where TB remains an endemic problem. organismes a croissance rapide qui se trouvent dans les echantillons de crachat des patients infectes. cinq methodes de decontamination du crachat y compris les methods de petroff, oxalique, de blanchiment, de concentration simplifiee et de kudoh ont ete evaluees avant la culture des mycobacteries, en tout, trente echantillons de crachat humains ont ete traites et les resultats analyses apres huit semaines d'incubation. de facon generale, il y avait une difference considerable dans les rendements de croissance en utilisant les differentes methods(test statistique de friedman,q =36.3; p<0.05) aussi, on a remarque une difference importante(test statistique de friedman, Q = 48.0; p<0.05) entre le rendement important et peu important de mycobacterie. de plus, la methode de concentration simplifiee a eu une meilleure performance en termes de croissance de culture propre/ contamination minimale de madia ajoutee a un ratio de profit de laboraroire dans les pays en developpement de menne que la facilite de l'usage sur terrain/efficacite du cout; nous proposons la concentration simplifiee comme methode de decontamination optimale l'usage des pays a ressources limitees ou la TB demeure un probleme endemique.
Reverse zoonotic tuberculosis transmission from an emerging Uganda I strain between pastoralists and cattle in South-Eastern Nigeria.
(2019) Adesokan,H.K; Akinseye, V.O; Streicher,E.M||; Helden,P.V; Warren,R.M; Cadmus,S.I
Tuberculosis remains a major public health challenge globally with increasing risks for inter-transmission between pastoralists and cattle in Nigeria. This study was aimed at using molecular tools to establish zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis between pastoralists and their cattle in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Sputum (n = 149) and milk (n = 144) samples from pastoralists and cattle, respectively were screened on the assumption of subclinical infections considering unguarded human-livestock interactions. Isolates obtained were analysed using deletion typing, spoligotyping and 24-Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR). Results: Fifty-four MTC were confirmed by deletion typing and were differentiated accordingly (M. tuberculosis: pastoralists =42, cattle = 2; M. bovis: pastoralists =1; M. africanum: pastoralists =9). Spoligotyping indicated 59.2% Uganda I/SIT46 (pastoralists =28; cattle = 1), 16.3% Latin American Mediterranean/SIT61 (pastoralists =8), 2.0% T/SIT53 (pastoralists =1) strains of M. tuberculosis and new strains of M. bovis and M. africanum. The 24-MIRU-VNTR of selected predominant cluster isolates shared by cattle and pastoralists (Uganda I/SIT46: pastoralists =9; cattle = 1) showed the same number of copies at each of the repetitive loci. Conclusions: Mycobacterium bovis was confirmed in humans and a reverse zoonotic tuberculosis transmission from an emerging Uganda I M. tuberculosis strain between pastoralists and cattle in Nigeria evidenced by MIRU-VNTR. Using molecular tools will help mitigate disease.
Risk Factors for Listeria monocytogenes Contamination in Nigerian Poultry Flock Environment
(2019) Ishola,O.O; Adesokan,H.K; Mosugu,J.I
Poultry production is rising in Nigeria with attendant health concerns to the farmers and the surrounding environments. Microbial contamination from the poultry environments presents with health risks to the poultry. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) contamination in Nigerian poultry production environment. A total of 71 flocks of poultry farms randomly selected under different settings were investigated for the presence of L. monocytogenes contamination. Two hundred and eighty-four swab samples were taken from feed (n=71), water (n=71), dust (n=71) and workers’ boots (n=71) and cultured for L. monocytogenes isolation using Brilliance SelecTM tive Listeria Agar and microbial load count with Nutrient Agar. Further identification was done using microscopic and biochemical characterization. Bivariate and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between management practices and the risk of L. monocytogenes contamination of the flocks. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes-positive flocks was 100.0% with overall prevalence of 90.1% based on samples. The prevalence was highest in feed (95.8%) and least in dust swabs (84.5%). A significant association was observed between L. monocytogenes contamination and farm size (p=0.05), but not with feed type (p=0.34), management (p=0.54) and biosecurity type (p=0.74). We recommend stricter hygienic practices especially as farm size increases and when processing and handling poultry feed as feed contamination might be a critical point in the control of L. monocytogenes contamination of other materials and in poultry farms.