Scholarly Works
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/340
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Item Resistance to Forced Labour in Colonial Nigeria(Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, 2017) Olaniyi, R. O.Until the enactment of the Forced Labour Ordinance of 1933, the employment of forced or compulsory labour for sanitary measures, maintenance of roads, clearing of markets, public works and personal services of chiefs persisted in Nigeria through the manipulation of native' laws and customs by the colonial state. This paper argues that discontent with forced labour brought into play new power relations between the colonial state and the colonial subjects. In defiance of the international convention, forced labour was not regulated by any statute in Nigeria. It was discussed in loose and general terms without any serious attempt to ascertain where and how it persisted. Many native authorities resorted to forced labour in order to balance their budgets but their decreasing power over young men made it difficult over the years. From the 1940s, some able-bodied men refused to perform forced labour, arguing that having paid taxes; they could not be called upon for a communal service or political labour. There were petitions against forced labour. This paper explores the role of Christian missionaries and nationalists in the struggle against forced labour.Item Human Capital Development in Western Region, Nigeria, 1955-1968(University of Ibadan Centre for Sustainable Development, 2016) Olaniyi, R. O.This paper discusses sustained approaches, programmes and strategies for human capital development in the defunct Western Region of Nigeria. Three broad approaches were vigorously pursued, namely, education, technical skills development and agriculture. The most enduring legacy was human capital development through the introduction of free education at the primary school level, which for a long period placed the region among the most highly educated people in Africa. A composite system of secondary education, which provided technical and vocational as well as grammar school, was built up. In fact, education consumed a substantial portion of recurrent and capital expenditure. Within the framework of the Six-Year Development Plan, 1962-1968, Farm Settlement Schemes were established in various parts of the Region for young school leavers in order to boost agricultural production and provide employment opportunities. The paper argues that development plans were indispensable to human capital development.Item Bororo Fulani Pastoralists and Yoruba Farmers’ Conflicts in the Upper Ogun River, Oyo State Nigeria, 1986–2004(SAGE, 2015) Olaniyi, R. O.This article, based on in-depth oral interviews, focuses on the conflicts between Bororo Fulani pastoralists and Yoruba farmers in Saki and Iseyin towns of the Upper Ogun River (Oke-Ogun), Oyo State Nigeria to show the power disparity and competition over land resources. The conflicts that occurred between Bororo Fulani pastoralists and Yoruba farmers are classified as: economic (crop destruction and cattle killing); social (murder, rape, armed banditry, molestation on both sides of the conflict); and communal (large-scale destruction of villages, pastoral settlements and markets). Other conflicts involved access to grazing and water resources and access to markets. These conflicts were products of resource scarcity and broader challenges of power relations between indigenes and settlers/migrants in Nigeria. Ethnicity became more conspicuous among local people as these conflicts intensified. This article discusses the intervention of Yoruba traditional rulers (Oba) and Fulani headman (Ardo) in the formation of peace committees in Iseyin and Saki towns.Item Returning to El-dorado: Portuguese Migration and Resettlement in Postcolonial Africa(Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, faculty of Arts University of Abuja, 2014) Olaniyi, R. O.For a long time, migration from Africa towards Europe has been a constant phenomenon and part of its colonial and postcolonial conditions. Conversely, the accelerated economic crisis and austerity measures in Europe signaled a reversal of roles between the former colonial powers as destination havens for African migrants and former colonies as European dream and land of opportunities. Portugal was the first European power to establish a colony in Africa when it captured Ceuta in 1415; it became one of the last to disengage in 1975 and the first to embark on reverse migration from 2002 which echo an unending return to El-dorado. This paper argues for the relevance and importance of Appadurai's (1996) concept of ethnoscape-the global flow of people or the global flow of talent to the study of Portuguese reverse migration and resettlement in postcolonial Africa. It locates the manifestations of the postcolonial Portuguese migration to Angola and Mozambique in a particular historical context. The colonial system had developed an entrenched and entwined relationship "luso-tropicalism" between Portugal and her former colonies such that migration is acted out. Several features of imperialism have re-emerged, especially the export of "surplus population" and capital through which the former colonial power maintain influence on postcolonial Africa. How is the new migration manifesting in political, economic, visa regimes and foreign policies of the African host countries? What are the emerging power relations between decolonised societies receiving migrants from their old imperial centre?Item The Lebanese In Ibadan, Nigeria, 1986-2012(2014) Olaniyi, R. O.; Ajayi, O. M.This paper examines the contributions of Lebanese migrants to the economic development of the city of Ibadan, one of the cities in Nigeria with the highest population of Lebanese, from 1986 to 2012. Since 1986, Lebanese migrants diversified into medium and large scale industrial production of several consumer products with diverse impacts on the host society. This study lays emphasis on the major developments involving Lebanese activities in Ibadan with particular reference to their contribution to the process of industrialisation and its impact on the society. Using a descriptive and interpretative framework, the study highlights the social, economic and political forces that aided Lebanese economic success in the period under study. Lebanese social networks in the city were analyzed as a way of assessing their relative importance to the host community. The study demonstrates that their utmost loyalty and preference for their own community perpetuated a resolve to limit their dealings within their ownItem West African Migrants and Okada (Commercial Motorcycle) Business in Ibadan Since the 1990s(Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, 2013) Olaniyi, R. O.In Ibadan, Nigeria, urban dysfunction was signified by overcrowding and a chaotic transport system. The widespread use of okada (commercial motorcycle) generated income and inconveniences for urban dwellers. Due to their poor economic background, most okada (commercial motorcycle) riders were in the business to buy time and get cheap money. This paper examines the social experiences of young West African migrants who competed with unemployed (or underemployed) Nigerians in the ubiquitous okada business and illuminates the risks and ambition of young migrants in making money in the informal transport sector. Since the 1990s, okada has been a symbol everyday coping mechanisms of the struggling migrants and the urban poor to earn a living against the vagaries of harsh economic realities. The paper argues that there are confrontations over the use of urban space between state authorities and Okada riders. Banning okada invoked a new urban governance dynamics in terms of security and rebranding. Against all the risk factors, West African okada riders continue to struggle with the aspirations of making money.Item Global Sex Trade and Women Trafficking in Nigeria(Kennesaw State University Press, 2011) Olaniyi, R. O.Academic discourses and policy debates on the phenomenon of women trafficking have focused on the threat of illegal migration, migration management, and the stereotypical linkages between criminality and migration. Such themes neglected the perspectives of trafficking victims and the social context, most especially closed borders and poverty. Obviously, women trafficking constitute one of the anxieties and disruptive effects of globalization. For many women, migration across the polarized economy under the regime of globalization is associated with exploitation, criminalization, and insecurity. This paper argues that trafficking in women reflects inequality on a global scale: transfer of resources from depressed economy to prosperous economy, from the periphery to the core, and from rural to urban areas. There is a thriving market for trafficking in women to Europe for sexual purposes, as economic motivations, organized global syndicates, poverty, and patriarchal pressures have ensured steady supply of women in the global sex industry. Despite the political will, the weakening influence of the Nigerian government in the global economy and international diplomacy, as well as porous borders, undermines its efforts in rolling back women trafficking.Item Hisbah and Sharia Law Enforcement in Metropolitan Kano(Indiana University Press, 2011) Olaniyi, R. O.The reintroduction of Sharia in the twelve states of northern Nigeria between 1999 and 2000 underscores the salience of Islam in the politics and governmentalities of the region. Popular pressure led to the reintroduction of Sharia in Kano, but its trajectory signified usage for administrative convenience and legitimacy prompted by the challenges of democratic change. The reintroduction of Sharia was a convergence of state Islam and popular Islam. Hisbah was established to enforce a distinctive Islamic government. It tackles the problems of community security in a different way, dedicated to the abolition of the business and consumption of beer, the restriction of sex work, the segregation of the sexes in public spaces, and the policing of a moral order based on Sharia.Item Nigeria at 50 Politics, Society and Development(John Archers (Publishers) Ltd., 2013) Sofela, B.; Edo, V. O.; Olaniyi, R. O.Item The Dynamics of Inter-group Relations in Nigeria Since 1960 Essays in Honour of Obaro Ikime @ 70(Department of History, University of Ibadan, 2012) Ogbogbo, C. B. N.; Olaniyi, R. O.; Muojama, O. G.